Cycloalkyl substituted pyrimidinediamine compounds and their uses

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds having antiproliferative activity, compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds to inhibit cellular proliferation and to treat proliferate diseases such as tumorigenic cancers.

1. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.11/567,506 filed Dec. 6, 2006, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 11/133,419 filed May 18, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No.7,754,714, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No.60/572,534 filed May 18, 2004, U.S. Provisional Application No.60/572,507 filed May 18, 2004, U.S. Provisional Application No.60/580,765 filed Jun. 18, 2004, U.S. Provisional Application No.60/628,496 filed Nov. 15, 2004, U.S. Provisional Application No.60/628,199 filed Nov. 15, 2004, and U.S. Provisional Application No.60/650,195 filed Feb. 3, 2005, the contents of which is incorporatedherein by reference.

2. FIELD

The present disclosure provides 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds thatexhibit antiproliferative activity, prodrugs of the compounds,intermediates and methods of synthesizing the compounds and/or prodrugs,pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and/or prodrugs andmethods of using the compounds and/or prodrugs in a variety of contexts,including, for example, in the treatment and/or prevention ofproliferative disorders, such as tumors and cancers.

3. BACKGROUND

Cancer is a group of varied diseases characterized by uncontrolledgrowth and spread of abnormal cells. Generally, all types of cancersinvolve some abnormality in the control of cell growth and division. Thepathways regulating cell division and/or cellular communication becomealtered in cancer cells such that the effects of these regulatorymechanisms in controlling and limiting cell growth fails or is bypassed.Through successive rounds of mutation and natural selection, a group ofabnormal cells, generally originating from a single mutant cell,accumulates additional mutations that provide selective growth advantageover other cells, and thus evolves into a cell type that predominates inthe cell mass. This process of mutation and natural selection isenhanced by genetic instability displayed by many types of cancer cells,an instability which is gained either from somatic mutations or byinheritance from the germ line. The enhanced mutability of cancerouscells increases the probability of their progression towards formationof malignant cells. As the cancer cells further evolve, some becomelocally invasive and then metastasize to colonize tissues other than thecancer cell's tissue of origin. This property along with theheterogeneity of the tumor cell population makes cancer a particularlydifficult disease to treat and eradicate.

Traditional cancer treatments take advantage of the higher proliferativecapacity of cancer cells and their increased sensitivity to DNA damage.Ionizing radiation, including γ-rays and x-rays, and cytotoxic agents,such as bleomycin, cis-platin, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide,5′-fluorouracil, and methotrexate rely upon a generalized damage to DNAand destabilization of chromosomal structure which eventually lead todestruction of cancer cells. These treatments are particularly effectivefor those types of cancers that have defects in cell cycle checkpoint,which limits the ability of these cells to repair damaged DNA beforeundergoing cell division. The non-selective nature of these treatments,however, often results in severe and debilitating side effects. Thesystemic use of these drugs may result in damage to normally healthyorgans and tissues, and compromise the long-term health of the patient.

Although more selective chemotherapeutic treatments have been developedbased on knowledge of how cancer cells develop, for example, theanti-estrogen compound tamoxifen, the effectiveness of allchemotherapeutic treatments are subject to development of resistance tothe drugs. In particular, the increased expression of cell membranebound transporters, such as MdrI, produces a multidrug resistancephenotype characterized by increased efflux of drugs from the cell.These types of adaptations by cancer cells severely limit theeffectiveness of certain classes of chemotherapeutic agents.Consequently, identification of other chemotherapeutic agents iscritical for establishing therapies effective for attacking theheterogeneous nature of proliferative disease and for overcoming anyresistance that may develop over the course of therapy with othercompounds. Moreover, use of combinations of chemotherapeutic agentswhich may have differing properties and cellular targets, increases theeffectiveness of chemotherapy and limits the generation of drugresistance.

4. SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides 2,4-pyrimidinediaminecompounds that exhibit biological activities, such as the ability toinhibit proliferation of numerous types of cancer cells in in vitroassays. The compounds generally comprise a 2,4-pyrimidinediamineaccording to structural formula (I):

including the salts, hydrates, solvates and N-oxides thereof. In thecompounds of structural formula (I), R⁴ represents a saturated orunsaturated, optionally bridged cycloalkyl that includes an amide orester R⁷ substituent, although in instances in which the cycloalkyl ringincludes two or more bridgehead carbon atoms or is unsaturated, this R⁷substituent is optional. The R⁷ substituent can be positioned at anycarbon atom on the cycloalkyl ring, including on a bridgehead orbridging carbon atom. In some embodiments, the R⁷ substituent ispositioned on the carbon atom attaching the cycloalkyl ring to theremainder of the molecule. In some embodiments, the substituent ispositioned on the carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom attaching thecycloalkyl ring to the remainder of the molecule, or on its next-nearestneighbor.

The nature of the R² group can vary widely. For example, the R² groupcan be an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl orheteroarylalkyl group. In some embodiments, R² is a phenyl group thatincludes from one to three of the same or different substituents. Thesubstituents can be selected from virtually any substituent group,including, but not limited to, branched, straight-chain or cyclicalkyls, mono- or polycyclic aryls, branched, straight-chain or cyclicheteroalkyls, mono- or polycyclic heteroaryls, halos, branched,straight-chain or cyclic haloalkyls, hydroxyls, oxos, thioxos, branched,straight-chain or cyclic alkoxys, branched, straight-chain or cyclichaloalkoxys, trifluoromethoxys, mono- or polycyclic aryloxys, mono- orpolycyclic heteroaryloxys, ethers, alcohols, sulfides, thioethers,sulfanyls (thiols), imines, azos, azides, amines (primary, secondary andtertiary), nitriles (any isomer), cyanates (any isomer), thiocyanates(any isomer), nitrosos, nitros, diazos, sulfoxides, sulfonyls, sulfonicacids, sulfamides, sulfonamides, sulfamic esters, aldehydes, ketones,carboxylic acids, esters, amides, amidines, formadines, amino acids,acetylenes, carbamates, lactones, lactams, glucosides, gluconurides,sulfones, ketals, acetals, thioketals, oximes, oxamic acids, oxamicesters, etc., and combinations of these groups. Substituent groupsbearing reactive functionalities may be protected or unprotected, as iswell-known in the art. In some embodiments, at least one of thesubstituents is a water-solubilizing group.

R⁵ is hydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group or anelectronegative group. Typical electronegative groups suitable forsubstituting the 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds at the R⁵ positioninclude, but are not limited to, cyano (—CN), isonitrile (—NC), nitro(—NO₂), halo, bromo, chloro, fluoro, (C1-C3) haloalkyl, (C1-C3)perhaloalkyl, (C1-C3) fluoroalkyl, (C1-C3) perfluoroalkyl, —CF₃, (C1-C3)haloalkoxy, (C1-C3) perhaloalkoxy, (C1-C3) fluoroalkoxy, (C1-C3)perfluoroalkoxy, —OCF₃, —C(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a), —C(O)CF₃ and —C(O)OCF₃.

As will be appreciated by skilled artisans, the R⁴ ring can containchiral centers. For example, the carbon atom connecting the R⁴ ring tothe remainder of the molecule and the carbon atom including the R⁷substituent can be chiral centers. If the R⁴ ring includes, for example,non-equivalent bridges, the bridgehead carbon atoms can also be chiralcenters. As a consequence of these (and other) chiral centers, the2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds can include various diastereomers inracemic or enriched forms. For example, when the R⁴ ring is an unbridgedsaturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl ring that includes an R⁷ substituenton the carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom attaching the cycloalkylring to the remainder of the molecule, the compounds of formula (I)include two racemates, a cis racemate and a trans racemate, thattogether comprise four diastereomers, represented by structural formulae(IIa)-(IId), below (absolute configuration assignments determinedassuming R⁷ is an ester or amide group, and R⁷ resides on carbon two ofthe cycloalkyl ring, the pyrimidine 4-nitrogen resides on carbon one ofthe cycloalkyl ring):

In structures (IIa)-(IId), the illustrated ring including the R⁷substituent could be any lower unbridged, saturated or unsaturatedcycloalkyl ring. Moreover, while the R⁷ substitutent is illustrated at aspecific location, it could be at other locations.

When R⁴ is a saturated or unsaturated bridged cycloalkyl that includesbridges that allow for exo-endo geometries and an R⁷ substituent on acarbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom attaching the cycloalkyl ring tothe remainder of the molecule, the compounds of formula (I) include twocis racemates, an exo-exo and an endo-endo, and two trans racemates, anexo-endo and an endo-exo. For example, when R⁴ comprises a norbornyl ornorbornenyl bonded to the remainder at the molecule at its 2-position,then these racemates are represented by structural formulae(IIIa)-(IIId), below:

Together these four racemates comprise eight diastereomers, representedby structural formulae (IVa)-(IVh), below (absolute configurationassignments determined assuming R⁷ is an ester or amide group):

In structural formulae (IIIa)-(IIId) and (IVa)-(IVh), the bond includingthe dotted line can be a single bond or a double bond.

Although the racemates of structural formulae (IIIa)-(IIId) and thediastereomers of structural formulae (IVa)-(IVh) are illustrated with aspecific bridged cycloalkyl R⁴ ring, it should be appreciated that theR⁴ ring could be virtually any saturated or unsaturated bridgedcycloalkyl in which, for example, the carbon atoms corresponding to theillustrated 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-carbon atoms are chiral centers. Moreover,although the illustrated ring includes a specified bridge position and asingle bridging carbon atom, the ring could include more bridging atoms,and the bridgehead carbon atoms could be positioned at differentlocations within the cycloalkyl ring. In addition, the ring couldinclude additional bridgehead and bridging carbon atoms such that itcontains more than one bridge. Also, depending on it's structure,additional chiral centers can be in the saturated or unsaturated bridgedcycloalkyl.

For compounds according to structural formulae (IIa)-(IId) in which theR⁴ cycloalkyl ring is cyclopentyl, R⁷ is —C(O)NH₂ and R² is4-(1-methylpiperazin-4-yl)-3-methylphenyl, it has been discovered thatthe two cis (1S,2R) and (1R,2S) diastereomers and the trans (1R,2R)diastereomer exhibit antiproliferative activity against a variety ofdifferent tumor cell types in vitro assays, where as the trans (1S,2S)diastereomer is relatively inactive against these same tumor cells.Based on this observation, it is expected that the cis racemate, two cisdiastereomers and trans diastereomer of other 2,4-pyrimidinediaminecompounds described herein that correspond in absolute stereochemicalconfiguration to the active cis and trans diastereomers according tostructural formulae (IIa), (IIb) and (IIc), respectively, will exhibitsimilar antiproliferative activity.

For compounds according to structural formulae (IVc)-(IVh) in which R⁷is —C(O)NH₂ and R² is 4-(1-methylpiperazin-4-yl)-3-methylphenyl, bothcis racemates exhibit significant antiproliferative activity againsttumor cells in in vitro assays. However, the exo-exo racemate isapproximately twenty-fold more potent than the endo-endo racemate.Moreover, for the exo-exo racemate, the enantiomer corresponding tostructural formula (IVa), i.e., the (1R,2R,3S,4S) diastereomer, islargely responsible for the potency of the racemate, being approximately1000-fold more potent than its corresponding enantiomer, i.e., the(1S,2S,3R,4R) diastereomer (IVb). This (1R,2R,3S,4S) diastereomer isalso approximately 20-50 times more potent than the endo-endo racemate(mixture of (IVc) and (IVd).).

Based on this observation, it is expected that the racemates anddiastereomers of other 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds described hereinthat correspond in absolute stereochemical configuration to the exo-exoand endo-endo cis racemates of structural formulae (IIIa) and (IIIb),and to the (1R,2R,3S,4S) diastereomer of structural formula (IVa), willexhibit similar antiproliferative activity. Moreover, it is expectedthat any diastereomer corresponding in absolute stereochemicalconfiguration to the diastereomer of structural formula (IVa) willexhibit similar superior potency as compared to the other diastereomers.

When the R⁴ cycloalkyl ring is a norbornyl or norbornenyl, synthesizingthe trans racemates and diastereomers may be difficult owing to stericconstraints. However, where trans diastereomers of bridged cycloalkylgroups are possible, the diastereomers corresponding to structuralformulae (IVf) and (IVg), supra, are expected to exhibitantiproliferative activity.

Thus, in another aspect, the present disclosure provides2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds that are enriched in one or more of theactive diastereomers corresponding to those described above. In someembodiments, the stereoisomerically enriched compounds are cisracemates. In a specific embodiment, the stereoisomerically enrichedcompounds are exo-exo or endo-endo cis racemates corresponding tostructural formulae (IIIa) and (IIIb). In some embodiments, thestereoisomerically enriched compounds are enriched in one or more cisdiastereomers. In some embodiments, the stereoisomerically enrichedcompounds are enriched in one or more diastereomers corresponding tostructural formula (IIa), (IIb) and (IIc). In a specific embodiment, thestereoisomerically enriched compound is a diastereomer according tostructural formula (IIa), (IIb) or (IIc) that is substantially free ofall other diastereomers. In some embodiments, the stereoisomericallyenriched compounds are enriched in the diastereomer corresponding tostructural formula (IVa). In a specific embodiment, thestereoisomerically enriched compound is a diastereomer corresponding tostructural formula (IVa) that is substantially free of all otherdiastereomers.

In still another aspect, prodrugs of the compounds and/orstereoisomerically enriched compounds (referred to collectively hereinas “compounds”) are provided. Such prodrugs may be active in theirprodrug form, or may be inactive until converted under physiological orother conditions of use to an active drug form. In the prodrugs, one ormore functional groups of the compounds are included in promoieties thatcleave from the molecule under the conditions of use, typically by wayof hydrolysis, enzymatic cleavage or some other cleavage mechanism, toyield the functional groups. For example, primary or secondary aminogroups may be included in an amide promoiety that cleaves underconditions of use to generate the primary or secondary amino group.Thus, the prodrugs include special types of protecting groups, termed“progroups,” masking one or more functional groups of the compounds thatcleave under the conditions of use to yield an active drug compound.Functional groups within the compounds that may be masked with progroupsfor inclusion in a promoiety include, but are not limited to, amines(primary and secondary), hydroxyls, sulfanyls (thiols), carboxyls,carbonyls, etc. Myriad progroups suitable for masking such functionalgroups to yield promoieties that are cleavable under the desiredconditions of use are known in the art. All of these progroups, alone orin combination, may be included in the prodrugs. Specific examples ofpromoieties that yield primary or secondary amine groups that can beincluded in the prodrugs include, but are not limited to amides,carbamates, imines, ureas, phosphenyls, phosphoryls and sulfenyls.Specific examples of promoieties that yield sulfanyl groups that can beincluded in the prodrugs include, but are not limited to, thioethers,for example S-methyl derivatives (monothio, dithio, oxythio, aminothioacetyls), silyl thioethers, thioesters, thiocarbonates, thiocarbamates,asymmetrical disulfides, etc. Specific examples of promoieties thatcleave to yield hydroxyl groups that can be included in the prodrugsinclude, but are not limited to, sulfonates, esters, carbonates,phosphates (phosphonoxy) and their salts with organic bases and metals.Specific examples of promoieties that cleave to yield carboxyl groupsthat can be included in the prodrugs include, but are not limited to,esters (including silyl esters, oxamic acid esters and thioesters),amides and hydrazides.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides intermediates usefulfor synthesizing the compounds and/or prodrugs described herein. In anillustrative embodiment, the intermediates are compounds according tostructural formula (V):

wherein R⁴ and R⁵ are as defined for structural formula (I) and LGrepresents a leaving group. Suitable leaving groups include, but are notlimited to, quaternary ammonium salts, —S(O)₂Me, —SMe and halo (e.g., F,Cl, Br, I). In a specific embodiment, the leaving group LG is chloro.

The intermediates of structural formula (V) may be stereoisomericallyenriched in one or more diastereomers such that they can be used tosynthesize compounds enriched in one or more of the variousdiastereomers discussed above. In a specific embodiment of theintermediates, R⁴ is not

or a stereoisomerically enriched diastereomer thereof, where R⁷ is—C(O)NH₂. In another specific embodiment, the intermediate is not anycompound described in application Ser. No. 11/016,403, filed Dec. 17,2004 and/or US2004/042971, filed Dec. 17, 2004, the disclosures of whichare incorporated herein by reference.

In still another aspect, compositions comprising one or more of thecompounds described herein are provided. The compositions generallycomprise the compound(s), and/or prodrugs, salts, hydrates, solvatesand/or N-oxides thereof, and an appropriate carrier, excipient and/ordiluent. The exact nature of the carrier, excipient and/or diluent willdepend upon the desired use for the composition, and may range frombeing suitable or acceptable for in vitro uses, to being suitable oracceptable for veterinary uses, to being suitable or acceptable for usein humans.

The compounds described herein are potent inhibitors of theproliferation abnormal cells, such as tumor cells, in in vitro assays.Thus, in still another aspect, methods of inhibiting proliferation ofabnormal cells, and in particular tumor cells, are provided. The methodsgenerally involve contacting an abnormal cell such as a tumor cell, withan amount of one or more compounds described herein, and/or prodrugs,salts, hydrates, solvates and/or N-oxides thereof, effective to inhibitproliferation of the cell. The cells can be contacted with the compoundper se, or the compound can be formulated into a composition. Themethods may be practiced in in vitro contexts, or in in vivo contexts asa therapeutic approach towards the treatment or prevention ofproliferative disorders, such as tumorigenic cancers.

In still another aspect, methods of treating proliferative disorders areprovided. The methods may be practiced in animals in veterinary contextsor in humans. The methods generally involve administering to an animalor human subject an amount of one or more compounds described herein,and/or prodrugs, salts, hydrates, solvates and/or N-oxides thereof,effective to treat or prevent the proliferative disorder. Thecompound(s) per se can be administered to the subject, or thecompound(s) can be administered in the form of a composition.Proliferative disorders that can be treated according to the methodsinclude, but are not limited to, tumorigenic cancers.

The compounds described herein are also potent inhibitors of Aurorakinases. Aurora kinases are a family of enzymes known to be keyregulators of cell division. Elevated levels of Aurora kinases have beenfound in several types of human cancer cells, such as breast, colon,renal, cervical, neuroblastomer, melanoma, lymphoma, pancreatic,prostate and other types of solid tumors (see, e.g., Bischott et al.,1998, EMBO J. 17:3052-3065; Geopfert & Brinkley, 2000, Curr. Top. Dev.Biol. 49:331-342; Sakakura et al., 2001, Br. J. Cancer 84:824-831), andoverexpression of Aurora kinases has been shown to result in celltransformation, a process by which normal cells become cancers. Althoughnot intending to be bound by any particular theory of operation, it isbelieved that the compounds described herein, as well as the activeprodrugs, salts, hydrates, solvates and/or N-oxides thereof, exert theirantiproliferative activity by inhibiting one or more Aurora kinases.

Thus, in yet another aspect, methods of inhibiting an activity of anAurora kinase are provided. The methods generally involve contacting anAurora kinase with an amount of one or more compounds described herein,and/or active prodrugs, salts, hydrates, solvates and/or N-oxidesthereof, effective to inhibit its activity. The methods can be practicedin in vitro contexts with purified or partially purified Aurora kinaseenzymes (e.g., with extracts of cells expressing an Aurora kinase), inin vitro contexts with intact cells expressing an Aurora kinase, or inin vivo contexts to inhibit an Aurora kinase-mediated process (forexample cellular mitosis) and/or as a therapeutic approach towards thetreatment or prevention of diseases or disorders that are mediated, atleast in part, by an Aurora kinase activity.

In still another aspect, methods of treating or preventing Aurorakinase-mediated diseases or disorders are provided. The methodsgenerally involve administering to an animal or human subject an amountof one or more compounds described herein, and/or active prodrugs,salts, hydrates, solvates and/or N-oxides thereof, effective to treat orprevent the Aurora kinase-mediated disease or disorder. Aurorakinase-mediated diseases and disorders include any disease, disorder, orother deleterious condition in which a member of the Aurora kinasefamily of enzymes plays a role. Specific examples of such Aurorakinase-mediated diseases or disorders include, but are not limited to,melanoma, leukemia, and solid tumor cancers, such as, for example,colon, breast, gastric, ovarian, cervical, melanoma, renal, prostate,lymphoma, neuroblastoma, pancreatic and bladder cancers.

Other aspects include, but are not limited to, intermediates and methodsuseful for synthesizing the stereoisomerically enriched compounds andprodrugs, as will be described in more detail herein below.

5. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1-4 illustrate the inhibitory effect of compound 234 (enantiomerE3) on the growth of various different types of tumors in standardxenograft treatment and regression models.

6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION 6.1 Definitions

As used herein, the following terms are intended to have the followingmeanings:

“Alkyl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to asaturated or unsaturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic monovalenthydrocarbon radical having the stated number of carbon atoms (i.e.,C1-C6 means one to six carbon atoms) that is derived by the removal ofone hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkane, alkeneor alkyne. Cyclic alkyls can include zero bridgehead carbon atoms or twoor more bridgehead carbon atoms. Thus, cyclic alkyls can be monocyclic,bicyclic or polycyclic in structure. Typical alkyl groups include, butare not limited to, methyl; ethyls such as ethanyl, ethenyl, ethynyl;propyls such as propan-1-yl, propan-2-yl, cyclopropan-1-yl,prop-1-en-1-yl, prop-1-en-2-yl, prop-2-en-1-yl, cycloprop-1-en-1-yl;cycloprop-2-en-1-yl, prop-1-yn-1-yl, prop-2-yn-1-yl, etc.; butyls suchas butan-1-yl, butan-2-yl, 2-methyl-propan-1-yl, 2-methyl-propan-2-yl,cyclobutan-1-yl, but-1-en-1-yl, but-1-en-2-yl, 2-methyl-prop-1-en-1-yl,but-2-en-1-yl, but-2-en-2-yl, buta-1,3-dien-1-yl, buta-1,3-dien-2-yl,cyclobut-1-en-1-yl, cyclobut-1-en-3-yl, cyclobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl,but-1-yn-1-yl, but-1-yn-3-yl, but-3-yn-1-yl, etc.; and the like. Wherespecific levels of saturation are intended, the nomenclature “alkanyl,”“alkenyl” and/or “alkynyl” is used, as defined below. “Lower alkyl”refers to an alkyl group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

“Alkanyl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to asaturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic alkyl derived by theremoval of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parentalkane. Typical alkanyl groups include, but are not limited to,methanyl; ethanyl; propanyls such as propan-1-yl, propan-2-yl(isopropyl), cyclopropan-1-yl, etc.; butanyls such as butan-1-yl,butan-2-yl (sec-butyl), 2-methyl-propan-1-yl (isobutyl),2-methyl-propan-2-yl (t-butyl), cyclobutan-1-yl, etc.; and the like.

“Alkenyl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to anunsaturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic alkyl having at least onecarbon-carbon double bond derived by the removal of one hydrogen atomfrom a single carbon atom of a parent alkene. The group may be in eitherthe cis or trans conformation about the double bond(s). Typical alkenylgroups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl; propenyls such asprop-1-en-1-yl, prop-1-en-2-yl, prop-2-en-1-yl, prop-2-en-2-yl,cycloprop-1-en-1-yl; cycloprop-2-en-1-yl; butenyls such asbut-1-en-1-yl, but-1-en-2-yl, 2-methyl-prop-1-en-1-yl, but-2-en-1-yl,but-2-en-2-yl, buta-1,3-dien-1-yl, buta-1,3-dien-2-yl,cyclobut-1-en-1-yl, cyclobut-1-en-3-yl, cyclobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl, etc.;and the like.

“Alkenyl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to anunsaturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic alkyl having at least onecarbon-carbon triple bond derived by the removal of one hydrogen atomfrom a single carbon atom of a parent alkyne. Typical alkynyl groupsinclude, but are not limited to, ethynyl; propynyls such asprop-1-yn-1-yl, prop-2-yn-1-yl, etc.; butynyls such as but-1-yn-1-yl,but-1-yn-3-yl, but-3-yn-1-yl, etc.; and the like.

“Alkyldiyl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to asaturated or unsaturated, branched, straight-chain or cyclic divalenthydrocarbon group having the stated number of carbon atoms (i.e., C1-C6means from one to six carbon atoms) derived by the removal of onehydrogen atom from each of two different carbon atoms of a parentalkane, alkene or alkyne, or by the removal of two hydrogen atoms from asingle carbon atom of a parent alkane, alkene or alkyne. The twomonovalent radical centers or each valency of the divalent radicalcenter can form bonds with the same or different atoms. Typicalalkyldiyl groups include, but are not limited to, methandiyl; ethyldiylssuch as ethan-1,1-diyl, ethan-1,2-diyl, ethen-1,1-diyl, ethen-1,2-diyl;propyldiyls such as propan-1,1-diyl, propan-1,2-diyl, propan-2,2-diyl,propan-1,3-diyl, cyclopropan-1,1-diyl, cyclopropan-1,2-diyl,prop-1-en-1,1-diyl, prop-1-en-1,2-diyl, prop-2-en-1,2-diyl,prop-1-en-1,3-diyl, cycloprop-1-en-1,2-diyl, cycloprop-2-en-1,2-diyl,cycloprop-2-en-1,1-diyl, prop-1-yn-1,3-diyl, etc.; butyldiyls such as,butan-1,1-diyl, butan-1,2-diyl, butan-1,3-diyl, butan-1,4-diyl,butan-2,2-diyl, 2-methyl-propan-1,1-diyl, 2-methyl-propan-1,2-diyl,cyclobutan-1,1-diyl; cyclobutan-1,2-diyl, cyclobutan-1,3-diyl,but-1-en-1,1-diyl, but-1-en-1,2-diyl, but-1-en-1,3-diyl,but-1-en-1,4-diyl, 2-methyl-prop-1-en-1,1-diyl,2-methanylidene-propan-1,1-diyl, buta-1,3-dien-1,1-diyl,buta-1,3-dien-1,2-diyl, buta-1,3-dien-1,3-diyl, buta-1,3-dien-1,4-diyl,cyclobut-1-en-1,2-diyl, cyclobut-1-en-1,3-diyl, cyclobut-2-en-1,2-diyl,cyclobuta-1,3-dien-1,2-diyl, cyclobuta-1,3-dien-1,3-diyl,but-1-yn-1,3-diyl, but-1-yn-1,4-diyl, buta-1,3-diyn-1,4-diyl, etc.; andthe like. Where specific levels of saturation are intended, thenomenclature alkanyldiyl, alkenyldiyl and/or alkynyldiyl is used. Whereit is specifically intended that the two valencies be on the same carbonatom, the nomenclature “alkylidene” is used. A “lower alkyldiyl” is analkyldiyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms. In some embodiments thealkyldiyl groups are saturated acyclic alkanyldiyl groups in which theradical centers are at the terminal carbons, e.g., methandiyl (methano);ethan-1,2-diyl (ethano); propan-1,3-diyl (propano); butan-1,4-diyl(butano); and the like (also referred to as alkylenes, defined infra).

“Alkylene” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to astraight-chain saturated or unsaturated alkyldiyl group having twoterminal monovalent radical centers derived by the removal of onehydrogen atom from each of the two terminal carbon atoms ofstraight-chain parent alkane, alkene or alkyne. The locant of a doublebond or triple bond, if present, in a particular alkylene is indicatedin square brackets. Typical alkylene groups include, but are not limitedto, methylene (methano); ethylenes such as ethano, etheno, ethyno;propylenes such as propano, prop[1]eno, propa[1,2]dieno, prop[1]yno,etc.; butylenes such as butano, but[1]eno, but[2]eno, buta[1,3]dieno,but[1]yno, but[2]yno, buta[1,3]diyno, etc.; and the like. Where specificlevels of saturation are intended, the nomenclature alkano, alkenoand/or alkyno is used. A “lower alkylene” group is an alkylene groupcontaining from 1 to 8 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkylenegroup is a straight-chain saturated alkano group, e.g., methano, ethano,propano, butano, and the like.

“Cycloalkyl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to acyclic version of an “alkyl” group. A cycloalkyl group may include zerobridgehead carbon atoms or two or more bridgehead carbon atoms. Thus, acycloalkyl may be monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic, depending upon thenumber of bridgehead and bridging carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl groups thatinclude zero bridgehead carbon atoms are referred to herein as“monocyclic cycloalkyls” or “unbridged cycloalkyls.” Cycloalkyls thatinclude at least two bridgehead carbon atoms and at least one bridgingcarbon atom are referred to herein as “bridged cycloalkyls.” Bridgedcycloalkyls that include two bridgehead carbon atoms are referred toherein as “bicyclic bridged cycloalkyls.” Bridged cycloalkyls thatinclude more than two bridgehead carbon atoms are referred to herein as“polycyclic bridged cycloalkyls.” Typical unbridged cycloalkyl groupsinclude, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl; cyclobutyls such ascyclobutanyl and cyclobutenyl; cyclopentyls such as cyclopentanyl andcyclopentenyl; cyclohexyls such as cyclohexanyl and cyclohexenyl; andthe like. Typical bridged cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to,adamantyl, noradamantyl, bicyclo[1.1.0]butanyl,norboranyl(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl), norbornenyl(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl),norbornadienyl(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadienyl), tricyclo[2.2.1.0]heptanyl,bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienyl,bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octadienyl,bicyclo[5,2,0]nonanyl, bicyclo[4.3.2]undecanyl,tricyclo[5.3.1.1]dodecanyl, and the like. Where specific levels ofsaturation are intended, the nomenclature cycloalkanyl and cycloalkenylis used. A “lower” unbridged cycloalkyl contains from 3 to 8 carbonatoms. A “lower” bridged cycloalkyl contains from 5 to 16 carbon atoms.

“Parent Aromatic Ring System” refers to an unsaturated cyclic orpolycyclic ring system having a conjugated π electron system.Specifically included within the definition of “parent aromatic ringsystem” are fused ring systems in which one or more of the rings arearomatic and one or more of the rings are saturated or unsaturated, suchas, for example, fluorene, indane, indene, phenalene,tetrahydronaphthalene, etc. Typical parent aromatic ring systemsinclude, but are not limited to, aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene,acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, coronene,fluoranthene, fluorene, hexacene, hexaphene, hexylene, indacene,s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, octacene, octaphene, octalene,ovalene, penta-2,4-diene, pentacene, pentalene, pentaphene, perylene,phenalene, phenanthrene, picene, pleiadene, pyrene, pyranthrene,rubicene, tetrahydronaphthalene, triphenylene, trinaphthalene, and thelike.

“Aryl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to amonovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having the stated number of carbonatoms (i.e., C5-C15 means from 5 to 15 carbon atoms) derived by theremoval of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parentaromatic ring system. Typical aryl groups include, but are not limitedto, groups derived from aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene,acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, coronene,fluoranthene, fluorene, hexacene, hexaphene, hexylene, as-indacene,s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, octacene, octaphene, octalene,ovalene, penta-2,4-diene, pentacene, pentalene, pentaphene, perylene,phenalene, phenanthrene, picene, pleiadene, pyrene, pyranthrene,rubicene, triphenylene, trinaphthalene, and the like, as well as thevarious hydro isomers thereof. In some embodiments, the aryl group is(C5-C15) aryl, with (C5-C10) being more typical. Specific examples arephenyl and naphthyl.

“Halogen” or “Halo” by themselves or as part of another substituent,unless otherwise stated, refer to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.

“Haloalkyl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to analkyl group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced witha halogen. Thus, the term “haloalkyl” is meant to includemonohaloalkyls, dihaloalkyls, trihaloalkyls, etc. up to perhaloalkyls.For example, the expression “(C1-C2) haloalkyl” includes fluoromethyl,difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl,1,2-difluoroethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, perfluoroethyl, etc.

“Hydroxyalkyl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to analkyl group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced witha hydroxyl substituent. Thus, the term “hydroxyalkyl” is meant toinclude monohydroxyalkyls, dihydroxyalkyls, trihydroxyalkyls, etc.

The above-defined groups may include prefixes and/or suffixes that arecommonly used in the art to create additional well-recognizedsubstituent groups. As examples, “alkyloxy” or “alkoxy” refers to agroup of the formula —OR, “alkylamine” refers to a group of the formula—NHR and “dialkylamine” refers to a group of the formula —NRR, whereeach R is independently an alkyl. As another example, “haloalkoxy” or“haloalkyloxy” refers to a group of the formula —OR′, where R′ is ahaloalkyl.

“Prodrug” refers to a derivative of an active compound (drug) that mayrequire a transformation under the conditions of use, such as within thebody, to release the active drug. Prodrugs are frequently, but notnecessarily, pharmacologically inactive until converted into the activedrug. Prodrugs are typically obtained by masking a functional group inthe drug compound believed to be in part required for activity with aprogroup (defined below) to form a promoiety which undergoes atransformation, such as cleavage, under the specified conditions of useto release the functional group, and hence the active drug. The cleavageof the promoiety may proceed spontaneously, such as by way of ahydrolysis reaction, or it may be catalyzed or induced by another agent,such as by an enzyme, by light, by acid or base, or by a change of orexposure to a physical or environmental parameter, such as a change oftemperature. The agent may be endogenous to the conditions of use, suchas an enzyme present in the cells to which the prodrug is administeredor the acidic conditions of the stomach, or it may be suppliedexogenously.

A wide variety of progroups, as well as the resultant promoieties,suitable for masking functional groups in the active stereoisomericallyenriched compounds described herein to yield prodrugs are well-known inthe art. For example, a hydroxyl functional group may be masked as asulfonate, ester or carbonate promoiety, which may be hydrolyzed in vivoto provide the hydroxyl group. An amino functional group may be maskedas an amide, carbamate, imine, urea, phosphenyl, phosphoryl or sulfenylpromoiety, which may be hydrolyzed in vivo to provide the amino group. Acarboxyl group may be masked as an ester (including silyl esters andthioesters), amide or hydrazide promoiety, which may be hydrolyzed invivo to provide the carboxyl group. Other specific examples of suitableprogroups and their respective promoieties will be apparent to those ofskill in the art.

“Progroup” refers to a type of protecting group that, when used to maska functional group within an active stereoisomerically enriched drugcompound to form a promoiety, converts the drug into a prodrug.Progroups are typically attached to the functional group of the drug viabonds that are cleavable under specified conditions of use. Thus, aprogroup is that portion of a promoiety that cleaves to release thefunctional group under the specified conditions of use. As a specificexample, an amide promoiety of the formula —NH—C(O)CH₃ comprises theprogroup —C(O)CH₃.

“Proliferative disorder” refers to a disease or disorder characterizedby aberrant cell proliferation, for example, where cells divide morethan their counterpart normal cells. The aberrant proliferation may becaused by any mechanism of action or combination of mechanisms ofaction. For example, the cell cycle of one or more cells may be affectedsuch that cell(s) divide more frequently than their counterpart normalcells, or as another example, one or more cells may bypass inhibitorysignals, which would normally limit their number of divisions.Proliferative diseases include, but are not limited to, slow or fastgrowing tumors and cancers.

“Antiproliferative compound” refers to a compound that inhibits theproliferation of a cell as compared to an untreated control cell of asimilar type. The inhibition can be brought about by any mechanism orcombination of mechanisms, and may operate to inhibit proliferationcytostatically or cytotoxically. As a specific example, inhibition asused herein includes, but is not limited to, arrest of cell division, areduction in the rate of cell division, proliferation and/or growth,and/or induction of cell death, by any mechanism of action, including,for example apoptosis.

“Aurora kinase” refers to a member of the family of serine/threonineprotein kinases that are generally referred to as “Aurora” kinases. TheAurora family of serine/threonine protein kinases are essential for cellproliferation (see, e.g., Bischoff & Plowman, 1999, Trends Cell Biol.9:454-459; Giet & Prigent, 1999, J. Cell Science 112:3591-3601; Nigg,2001, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:21-32; Adams et al., 2001, TrendsCell Biol. 11:49-54). Presently, there are three known mammalian familymembers: Aurora-A (“2”), Aurora-B (“1”) and Aurora-C (“3”) (see, e.g.,Giet & Prigent, 1999, J. Cell Sci. 112:3591-3601; Bischoff & Plowman,1999, Trends Cell Biol. 9:454-459, the disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference). As used herein, “Aurora kinase”includes not only these three known mammalian family members, but alsolater-discovered mammalian family members and homologous proteins fromother species and organisms (for non-limiting examples of homologousmembers of the Aurora kinase family from other species and organisms seeSchumacher et al., 1998, J. Cell Biol. 143:1635-1646; Kimura et al.,1997, J. Biol. Chem. 272:13766-13771), the disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference.

“Aurora kinase-mediated process” or “Aurora kinase-mediated disease ordisorder” refers to a cellular process, disease or disorder in which anAurora kinase plays a role. The Aurora kinases are believed to play akey role in protein phosphorylation events that regulate the mitoticphase of the cell cycle. The human Aurora kinases display distinctsubcellular locations during mitosis. For example, Aurora-A isupregulated during the M phase of the cell cycle and localizes to thespindle pole during mitosis, suggesting involvement in centrosomalfunctions. While Aurora-A activity is maximized during prophase,Aurora-B is believed to play an important role during chromatidseparation and formation of the cleavage furrow in anaphase andtelophase. The role of Aurora-C is less clear, but it has been shown tolocalize to centrosomes during mitosis from anaphase to cytokinesis.Moreover, inhibition of Aurora kinase activity in mammalian cells leadsto abnormal cell growth and polyploidy (Terada et al., 1998, EMBO J.17:667-676). Thus, Aurora kinases are thought to regulate cell division,chromosome segregation, mitotic spindle formation, and cytokinesis. Asused herein, all of these various processes are within the scope of“Aurora kinases-mediated process.”

Moreover, since its discovery in 1997, the mammalian Aurora kinasefamily has been closely linked to tumorigenesis. The most compellingevidence for this is that over-expression of Aurora-A transforms rodentfibroblasts (Bischoff et al., 1998, EMBO J. 17:3052-3065). Cells withelevated levels of this kinase contain multiple centrosomes andmultipolar spindles, and rapidly become aneuploid. The oncogenicactivity of Aurora kinases is likely to be linked to the generation ofsuch genetic instability. Indeed, a correlation between amplification ofthe Aurora-A locus and chromosomal instability in mammary and gastrictumors has been observed (Miyoshi et al., 2001, Int. J. Cancer92:370-373; Sakakura et al., 2001, Brit. J. Cancer 84:824-831).

The Aurora kinases have been reported to be over-expressed in a widerange of human tumors. Elevated expression of Aurora-A has been detectedin over 50% of colorectal (Bischoff et al., 1998, EMBO J. 17:3052-3065;Takahashi et al., 2000, Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 91:1007-1014), ovarian(Gritsko et al., 2003, Clinical Cancer Research 9:1420-1426, and gastrictumors (Sakakura, 2001, Brit. J. Cancer 84:824-831), and in 94% ofinvasive duct adenocarcinomas of the breast (Tanaka, 1999, CancerResearch 59:2041-2044). High levels of Aurora-A have also been reportedin renal, cervical, neuroblastoma, melanoma, lymphoma, pancreatic andprostate tumor cell lines (Bischoff et al., 1998, EMBO J. 17:3052-3065;Kimura et al., 1999, J. Biol. Chem. 274:7334-7340; Zhou et al., 1998,Nature Genetics 20:189-193; Li et al., 2003, Clin Cancer Res.9(3):991-7). Amplification/overexpression of Aurora-A is observed inhuman bladder cancers and amplification of Aurora-A is associated withaneuploidy and aggressive clinical behavior (Sen et al, 2002, J NatlCancer Inst. 94(17):1320-9). Moreover, amplification of the Aurora-Alocus (20q13) correlates with poor prognosis for patients withnode-negative breast cancer (Isola et al., 1995, American Journal ofPathology 147:905-911). Aurora-B is highly expressed in multiple humantumor cell lines, including leukemic cells (Katayama et al., 1998, Gene244:1-7). Levels of this enzyme increase as a function of Duke's stagein primary colorectal cancers (Katayama et al., 1999, J. Nat'l CancerInst. 91:1160-1162). Aurora-C, which is normally only found in germcells, is also over-expressed in a high percentage of primary colorectalcancers and in a variety of tumor cell lines including cervicaladenocarcinoma and breast carcinoma cells (Kimura et al., 1999, J. Biol.Chem. 274:7334-7340; Takahashi et al., 2000, Jpn. J. Cancer Res.91:1007-1014).

In contrast, the Aurora kinase family is expressed at a low levels inthe majority of normal tissues, the exceptions being tissues with a highproportion of dividing cells such, as the thymus and testis (Bischoff etal., 1998, EMBO J., 17:3052-3065). For a further review of the role(s)Aurora kinases play in proliferative disorders, see Bischoff & Plowman,1999, Trends Cell Biol. 9:454-459; Giet & Prigent, 1999, J. Cell Science112:3591-3601; Nigg, 2001, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2:21-32; Adams etal., 2001, Trends Cell Biol. 11:49-54 and Dutertre et al., 2002,Oncogene 21:6175-6183.

Although over-expression of proteins by cancer cells is not alwaysindicative that inhibition of the protein activity will yield anti-tumoreffect, it has been confirmed in functional assays that at least thefollowing types of tumor cells are sensitive to inhibition of Aurorakinase activity: prostate (DU145), cervical (Hela), pancreatic(Mia-Paca2, BX-PC3), histological leukemia (U937), lung adenocarcinoma,lung epidermoid, small lung cell carcinoma, breast, renal carcinoma,MolT3 (all) and Molt4 (all).

Based on the established role of Aurora kinases in a variety of cancers,examples of “Aurora kinases-mediated diseases and disorders” include,but are not limited to, melanoma, leukemia, and solid tumor cancers,such as, for example, the various solid tumor cancers listed above.

“Therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compoundsufficient to treat a specified disorder or disease, or one or more ofits symptoms. In reference to tumorigenic proliferative disorders, atherapeutically effective amount comprises an amount sufficient to,among other things, cause the tumor to shrink, or to decrease the growthrate of the tumor.

In many situations, standard treatments for tumorigenic proliferativedisorders involve surgical intervention to remove the tumor(s), eitheralone or in combination with drug (chemo) and/or radiation therapies. Asused herein, a “therapeutically effect amount” of a compound is intendedto include an amount of compound that either prevents the recurrence oftumors in subjects that have had tumor(s) surgically removed, or slowsthe rate of recurrence of tumor(s) in such subjects.

Accordingly, as used herein, amounts of compounds that providetherapeutic benefit adjunctive to another type of therapy, such assurgical intervention and/or treatment with other antiproliferativeagents, including, for example, 5-fluorouracil, vinorelbine, taxol,vinblastine, cisplatin, topotecan, etc.), are included within themeaning of “therapeutically effective amount.”

“Prophylactically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compoundsufficient to prevent a subject from developing a specified disorder ordisease. Typically, subjects in which prophylaxis is practiced are notsuffering from the specified disorder or disease, but are recognized asbeing at an elevated risk for developing this disease or disorder basedfactors such as, but not limited to, diagnostic markers and familyhistory.

6.2 The Compounds

As discussed in the Summary section, the present disclosure provides2,4-pyrimidinedianine compounds that have myriad useful biologicalactivities, including antiproliferative activity against a variety ofdifferent tumor cell types in in vitro assays. In an illustrativeembodiment, the compounds are 2,4-pyrimidinediamines according tostructural formula (I):

including the active salts, hydrates, solvates and N-oxides thereofwherein:

R² is selected from a (C6-C20) aryl optionally substituted with one ormore of the same or different R⁸ groups, a 5-20 membered heteroaryloptionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R⁸groups, a (C7-C28) arylalkyl optionally substituted with one or more ofthe same or different R⁸ groups and a 6-28 membered heteroarylalkyloptionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R⁸groups;

R⁵ is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl optionally substituted withone or more of the same or different R⁸ groups, and an electronegativegroup;

R⁴ is a saturated or unsaturated, bridged or unbridged cycloalkylcontaining a total of from 3 to 16 carbon atoms that is substituted withan R⁷ group, with the proviso that when R⁴ is an unsaturated unbridgedcycloalkyl, or a saturated bridged cycloalkyl, this R⁷ substituent isoptional;

R⁷ is an ester or amide group, which in some embodiments is selectedfrom —C(O)OR^(d) and —C(O)NR^(d)R^(d);

each R⁸ group is, independently of the others, selected from awater-solubilizing group, R^(a), R^(b), lower cycloalkyl optionallysubstituted with one or more of the same or different R^(a) and/or R^(b)groups, lower heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or moreof the same or different R^(a) and/or R^(b) groups, lower alkoxyoptionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R^(b)groups and —O—(CH₂)_(x)R^(b), where x is an integer ranging from 1 to 6;

each R^(a) is, independently of the others, selected from hydrogen,lower alkyl, lower cycloalkyl, (C6-C14) aryl, phenyl, naphthyl, (C7-C20)arylalkyl and benzyl;

each R^(b) is, independently of the others, selected from ═O, —OR^(a),(C1-C3) haloalkyloxy, —OCF₃, ═S, —SR^(a), ═NR^(a), ═NOR^(a),—NR^(c)R^(c), halogen, —CF₃, —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO₂, ═N₂, —N₃,—S(O)R^(a), —S(O)₂R^(a), —S(O)₂OR^(a), —S(O)NR^(c)R^(c),—S(O)₂NR^(c)R^(c), —OS(O)R^(a), —OS(O)₂R^(a), —OS(O)₂OR^(a),—OS(O)₂NR^(c)R^(c), —C(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a), —C(O)NR^(c)R^(c),—C(NH)NR^(c)R^(c), —C(NR^(a))NR^(c)R^(c), —C(NOH)R^(a),—C(NOH)NR^(c)R^(c), —OC(O)R^(a), —OC(O)OR^(a), —OC(O)NR^(c)R^(c),—OC(NH)NR^(c)R^(c) and —OC(NR^(a))NR^(c)R^(c);

each R^(c) is, independently of the others, selected from R^(a) or,alternatively, two R^(c) that are bonded to the same nitrogen atom maybe taken together with this nitrogen atom to form a 5-8 memberedheterocycloalkyl group which may optionally include from 1 to 3additional heteroatomic groups selected from O, S, N—(CH₂)_(y)—R^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)OR^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂R^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂OR^(a) and N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)NR^(a)R^(a), where y is aninteger ranging from 0 to 6, and which may optionally include one ormore of the same or different R⁸ and/or lower alkyl substituents; and

each R^(d) is, independently of the others, selected from R^(a), R^(c)and a chiral auxiliary group.

As can be seen from structural formula (I), the compounds describedherein comprise three “main” features or moieties: (i) an optionallysubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, bridged or unbridged cycloalkylring (substituent R⁴); (ii) an optionally 5-substituted2,4-pyrimidinediamine ring; and (iii) an optionally substituted aryl,heteroaryl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl moiety (substituent R²).Various specific embodiments of these three main features, which can becombined with one another, are described in more detail, below.

In many embodiments of the compounds, the pyrimidinediamine moiety issubstituted at the 5-position with an electronegative substituent (R⁵substituent). The exact identity of this electronegative substituent isnot critical. Thus, the R⁵ substituent can include virtually anysubstituent group that has electronegative character. Specific examplesof suitable electronegative groups include, but are not limited to,cyano (—CN), isonitrile (—NC), nitro (—NO₂), halo (e.g., Br, Cl, F),(C1-C3) haloalkyl, (C1-C3) perhaloalkyl, (C1-C3) fluoroalkyl, (C1-C3)perfluoroalkyl, trifluoromethyl (—CF₃), (C1-C3) haloalkoxy, (C1-C3)perhaloalkoxy, (C1-C3) fluoroalkoxy, (C1-C3) perfluoroalkoxy,trifluoromethoxy (—OCF₃), —C(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a), —C(O)CF₃ and—C(O)OCF₃, where R^(a) is as defined for structural formula (I). In aspecific embodiment, R⁵ is selected from cyano, nitro, halo, bromo,chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy. In anotherspecific embodiment, R⁵ is fluoro.

The R² substituent or moiety can comprise virtually any substituted orunsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl group.Moreover, the nature of any present optional substituents can varywidely. Many 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds having optionallysubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl and heteroarylalkyl R²substituent groups that exhibit biological activity have been reportedin the literature (see, e.g., U.S. application Ser. No. 10/355,543 filedJan. 31, 2003 (US 2004/0029902), WO 03/063794, U.S. application Ser. No.10/631,029 filed Jul. 29, 2003, WO 2004/014382, U.S. application Ser.No. 10/903,263 filed Jul. 30, 2004, international application no.PCT/US2004/24716 filed Jul. 30, 2004, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,746, thedisclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference). All of theseR² substitutents are expected to be useful in the 2,4-pyrimidinediaminecompounds described herein.

In some embodiments, the R² moiety is a substituted aryl, heteroaryl,arylalkyl or heteroaryl group in which at least one of the substituentsis a water-solubilizing group. Such water-solubilizing groups areespecially useful when the R² moiety has significant hydrophobiccharacter, such as when R² is an aryl, for example phenyl or naphthyl,or an arylalkyl, for example benzyl.

As used herein, a “water-solubilizing” group is a group that hashydrophilic character sufficient to improve or increase thewater-solubility of the compound in which it is included, as compared toan analog compound that does not include the group. The hydrophiliccharacter can be achieved by any means, such as by the inclusion offunctional groups that ionize under the conditions of use to formcharged moieties (e.g., carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phosphoricacides, amines, etc.); groups that include permanent charges (e.g.,quaternary ammonium groups); and/or heteroatoms or heteroatomic groups(e.g., O, S, N, NH, N—(CH₂)_(y)—R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)R^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)OR^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂OR^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)NR^(a)R^(a), etc., where R^(a) and y are as previouslydefined for structural formula (I)). In some embodiments, thewater-solubilizing group is a cycloheteroalkyl that optionally includesfrom 1 to 5 substituents, which may themselves be water-solubilizinggroups. In a specific embodiment, the water-solubilizing group is of theformula

where Y is selected from CH and N, Z is selected from CH₂, O, S, N, NH,N—(CH₂)_(y)—R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)OR^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂OR^(a) andN—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)NR^(c)R^(c), where R^(a), R^(c) and y are as previouslydefined for structural formula (I), with the proviso that Y and Z arenot both simultaneously CH and CH₂, respectively. In another specificembodiment, the water-solubilizing group is selected from morpholino,piperidinyl, (C1-C6) N-alkyl piperidinyl, N-methyl piperidinyl,piperazinyl, (C1-C6) N-alkylpiperazinyl, N-methylpiperazinyl, N-ethylpiperidinyl, N-ethyl piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, N-alkyl pyrrolidinyl,N-methyl pyrrolidinyl, diazepinyl, N-ethyl pyrrolidinyl, N-alkylazepinyl, N-methyl azepinyl, N-ethyl azepinyl, homopiperazinyl, N-methylhomopiperazinyl, N-ethyl homopiperazinyl, imidazoyl, and the like.

In a specific embodiment of the 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compound describedherein, R² is a substituted phenyl of the formula:

where one of R¹¹, R¹² or R¹³ is a water-solubilizing group, and theother two of R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are each, independently of one another,selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, (C1-C3) alkyl, methyl, halo,chloro, fluoro, hydroxy, (C1-C3) hydroxyalkyl, —O(CH₂)_(x)—R^(b),—NR^(c)R^(c), —C(O)NR^(c)R^(c), —C(O)NHR^(a) and —C(O)NHCH₃, whereR^(a), R^(b), R^(c), and x are as previously defined for structuralformula (I). In a specific exemplary embodiment, R¹¹ is hydrogen; R¹² isthe water-solubilizing group, preferably selected from one of thespecific embodiments of water-solubilizing groups described above; andR¹² is selected from methyl, halo, chloro, fluoro, (C1-C3) alkoxy,—CH₂OR^(e) and —C(O)NHR^(e), where R^(e) is selected from hydrogen,methyl and (C1-C3) alkyl.

In another specific exemplary embodiment, R¹¹ is selected from hydrogen,lower alkyl, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —OR^(a), —O(CH₂)_(n)—R^(a),—O(CH₂)_(n)—R^(b), —C(O)OR^(a), halo, —CF₃ and —OCF₃; and R¹² and R¹³are each, independently of one another, selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl, —OR^(a), —O(CH₂)_(x)—R^(a), —O—(CH₂)_(x)—R^(b), —NH—C(O)R^(a),halo, —CF₃, —OCF₃,

where R^(a), R^(b), R^(c), and x are as previously defined forstructural formula (I) and Y and Z are as defined supra.

In a specific embodiment, R¹¹ is hydrogen; R¹² is selected from,

morpholino, piperidinyl, (C1-C3) N-alkyl piperidinyl, N-methylpiperidinyl, piperazinyl, (C1-C3) N-alkylpiperazinyl,N-methylpiperazinyl, N-ethyl piperidinyl, N-ethyl piperazinyl,pyrrolidinyl, N-alkyl pyrrolidinyl, N-methylpyrrolidinyl, diazepinyl,N-ethyl pyrrolidinyl, N-alkyl azepinyl, N-methyl azepinyl, N-ethylazepinyl, homopiperazinyl, N-methyl homopiperazinyl, N-ethylhomopiperazinyl and imidazoyl; and R¹³ is other than,

In another specific embodiment, R¹¹ is hydrogen; R¹² is selected from,

morpholino, piperidinyl, (C1-C3) N-alkyl piperidinyl, N-methylpiperidinyl, piperazinyl, (C1-C3) N-alkylpiperazinyl,N-methylpiperazinyl, N-ethyl piperidinyl, N-ethyl piperazinyl,pyrrolidinyl, N-alkyl pyrrolidinyl, N-methylpyrrolidinyl, diazepinyl,N-ethyl pyrrolidinyl, N-alkyl azepinyl, N-methyl azepinyl, N-ethylazepinyl, homopiperazinyl, N-methyl homopiperazinyl, N-ethylhomopiperazinyl and imidazoyl; and R¹³ is selected from hydrogen,methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl and chloro.

In still another specific embodiment, R¹¹ is hydrogen; R¹² is otherthan,

and R¹³ is selected from,

morpholino, piperidinyl, (C1-C3) N-alkyl piperidinyl, N-methylpiperidinyl, piperazinyl, (C1-C3) N-alkylpiperazinyl,N-methylpiperazinyl N-ethyl piperidinyl, N-ethyl piperazinyl,pyrrolidinyl, N-alkyl pyrrolidinyl, N-methylpyrrolidinyl, diazepinyl,N-ethyl pyrrolidinyl, N-alkyl azepinyl, N-methyl azepinyl, N-ethylazepinyl, homopiperazinyl, N-methyl homopiperazinyl, N-ethylhomopiperazinyl and imidazoyl.

In still another specific embodiment, R¹¹ is hydrogen; and R¹² and R¹³are each other than,

In still another specific embodiment, R¹¹ and R¹² are each hydrogen andR¹³ is —OCH₂NHR^(a).

In still other embodiments, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are each, independently ofone another, selected from hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyland chloro, with the proviso that at least two of R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ areother than hydrogen.

In still other embodiments, R¹¹ is hydrogen; R¹² is selected fromhydrogen,

morpholino, piperidinyl, (C1-C3) N-alkyl piperidinyl, N-methylpiperidinyl, piperazinyl, (C1-C3) N-alkylpiperazinyl andN-methylpiperazinyl N-ethyl piperidinyl, N-ethyl piperazinyl,pyrrolidinyl, N-alkyl pyrrolidinyl, N-methyl pyrrolidinyl, diazepinyl,N-ethyl pyrrolidinyl, N-alkyl azepinyl, N-methyl azepinyl, N-ethylazepinyl, homopiperazinyl, N-methyl homopiperazinyl, N-ethylhomopiperazinyl and imidazoyl; and R¹³ is selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl, halo and —CF₃. In a specific embodiment, R¹³ is selected from thehydrogen, methyl, chloro and —CF₃.

In yet another specific embodiment, R¹¹ is hydrogen; R¹² is hydrogen;and R¹³ is selected from,

In yet another specific embodiment, R¹¹ is hydrogen; R¹² is selectedfrom (C1-C3) N-alkyl piperazinyl and N-methyl piperazinyl; and R¹³ ismethyl.

In some other exemplary embodiments, R² is an optionally substitutedheteroaryl group. In a specific exemplary embodiment, R² is selectedfrom

where Y¹ is selected from O, S, N, NH, N—(CH₂)_(y)—R^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)OR^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂R^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂OR^(a) and N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)NR^(c)R^(c), where R^(a),R^(c) and y are as previously defined, Y² us selected from O, S andS(O)₂, and the bonds including the dotted line can be single bonds ordouble bonds.

While not intending to be bound by any theory of operation, it isbelieved that the antiproliferative activity of the compounds describedherein, as well as their ability to inhibit Aurora kinases, derives inlarge part from the R⁴ moiety, although R² is also believed to beimportant for selectivity, but to a lesser extent. In many embodimentsof the compounds described herein, the R⁴ group is a saturated orunsaturated, bridged or unbridged cycloalkyl that includes an R⁷substituent at one of the carbon atoms. The R⁷ substituent can beattached to any carbon atom, but in specific embodiments is attached tothe carbon atom connecting the R⁴ group to the N4-nitrogen atom, thecarbon atom adjacent to this carbon atom, or its next-nearest neighbor.Thus, in some embodiments, the compounds of structural formula (I) areselected from structural formulae (I.1), (I.2) and/or (I.3):

where the illustrated ring including the R⁷ substituent represents asaturated or unsaturated, bridged or unbridged cycloalkyl ring, and R²,R⁵ and R⁷ are as previously defined for structural formula (I).

When the R⁴ group in the compounds of structural formula (I) comprisesan unbridged cycloalkyl, it will typically contain from 3 to 8 carbonatoms. When the unbridged cycloalkyl is unsaturated, the ring mayinclude one, two or more double bonds, which may be positioned at anyring positions, but are most commonly positioned such that they do notinclude the carbon atom attaching the R⁴ ring to the remainder of themolecule. In many embodiments, saturated rings and unsaturated ringsincluding a single double bond are preferred. Specific examples of R⁴groups that comprise an unbridged saturated, or singly unsaturated,cycloalkyl ring include, but are not limited to,

where R⁷ is as previously defined for structural formula (I) and thedotted lines represent a single bond or a double bond.

When the R⁴ group comprises a bridged cycloalkyl, it will typicallycontain from 5 to 16 carbon atoms. When the bridged cycloalkyl isunsaturated, it may include one, two or more double bonds, which may bepositioned at any ring positions, but are most commonly positioned sothat they do not include the carbon atom attaching the R⁴ ring to theremainder of the molecule, or a bridgehead carbon atom. In manyembodiments, of unsaturated bridged cycloalkyls, those including asingle double bond are preferred. Specific examples of R⁴ groups thatcomprise a bridged cycloalkyl ring include, but are not limited to,

where R⁷ is as previously defined for structural formula (I) and thedotted lines represent a single bond or a double bond.

R⁷ is an ester or amide group. In some embodiments, R⁷ is an amide ofthe formula —C(O)NHR^(d) or an ester of the formula —C(O)OR^(d), whereR^(d) is as previously described for structural formula (I). In someembodiments, R^(d) is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R^(d) is loweralkyl. In some embodiments, R^(d) is a chiral auxiliary group. Examplesof suitable chiral auxiliary groups include, but are not limited to;

where R⁹ is selected from hydrogen and lower alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl,isopropyl, cyclopropyl, CH₂-cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, —CH₂-cyclobutyl,etc).

In still other embodiments, R⁷ is an amide of the formula—C(O)NR^(c)R^(c) where R^(c) is as previously defined for structuralformula (I). In yet other embodiments, R⁷ is an amide of the formula—C(O)NHR^(a), where R^(a) is as previously defined for structuralformula (I). In a specific embodiment, R^(a) is hydrogen.

6.3 Stereoisomerically Enriched and Stereoisomerically Pure Compounds

As will be appreciated by skilled artisans, in many embodiments of thecompounds according to structural formula (I), the R⁴ group includeschiral centers. For example, embodiments of compounds in which R⁴ is anunbridged cycloalkyl substituted at the carbon atom adjacent to thecarbon atom attaching the R⁴ group to the remainder of the moleculeincludes two chiral carbon atoms: the carbon atom attaching the R⁴ groupto the remainder of the molecule, and the carbon atom including the R⁷substituent. Such compounds include two racemates, a cis racemate and atrans racemate, that together comprise four diastereomers, representedby structural formulae (IIa)-(IId), below (absolute configurationassignments determined assuming R⁷ is an ester or amide group, and R⁷resides on carbon two of the cycloalkyl ring, the pyrimidine 4-nitrogenresides on carbon one of the cycloalkyl ring):

In structures (IIa)-(IId), the illustrated ring including the R⁷substituent could be any lower unbridged, saturated or unsaturatedcycloalkyl ring, such as one of the exemplary rings illustratedpreviously. Moreover, while the R⁷ substituent is illustrated at aspecific location, it could be other locations.

For a specific compound,N4-(2-aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine,it has been discovered that the trans (1R,2R) diastereomer and the twocis diastereomers, cis (1S,2R) and cis (1R,2S) inhibit the proliferationof a variety of tumor cell lines in in vitro assays, whereas the trans(1S,2S) diastereomer is relatively inactive in this same assay (see,e.g., Section 7.16, infra). Based on the activity of this compound, itis expected that the various diastereomers of all of the compoundsaccording to structural formula (I) that correspond in absoluteconfiguration to the cis racemate, and the cis and trans diastereomersof structural formulae (IIa)-(IIc) will exhibit similar differences inantiproliferative active activity.

Compounds in which R⁴ is a substituted bridged cycloalkyl can includetwo cis racemates, exo-exo and endo-endo, represented by structuralformulae (IIIa) and (IIIb), below, and two trans racemates, exo-endo andendo-exo, illustrated by structural formulae (IIIc) and (IIId), below:

Together, these four racemates comprise eight diastereomers, illustratedas structures (IVa)-(IVh), below:

In structural formulae (IIIa)-(IIId) and (IVa)-(IVh), the bond includingthe dotted line can be either a single bond or a double bond. It shouldbe noted that while the racemates and diastereomers of structures(IIIa)-(IIId) and (IVa)-(IIh) are illustrated with reference to aspecific bridged R⁴ ring, these structural diagrams are for illustrativepurposes only to exemplify the absolute stereochemistry of the chiralcenters with respect to one another, and are not intended to be limitingwith respect to the identity of the bridged R⁴ ring, the location of thebridge, the number of carbon atoms comprising bridge and/or the locationof the R⁷ substituent. Thus, these structures are intended to beillustrative of any bridged R⁴ ring which includes racemates anddiastereomers corresponding in stereospecific configuration to thestructures of structural formulae (IIIa)-(IIId) and (IVa)-(IVh). In thisapplication, the terms “exo” and “endo” are used as a matter ofconvenience to name compounds where R⁴ comprises a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptaneor heptene. The exo and endo nomenclature was initially developed todescribe preferential attack by reagents on a double bond ofbicyclo[2.2.1]heptene ring systems, which happen to have chemicallydistinct bridges (a —CH₂— bridge and a —CH═CH— bridge). For example,there are eight diastereomers represented by formulae (IVa)-(IVh), inpart, because of the chirality imparted to the R⁴ ring system by virtueof these chemically distinct bridges. When R⁴ is a bi- or tricyclicsystem where the bridges are chemically distinct, then analogousracemates and diastereomers exist. Specific examples of R⁴ rings thathave such corresponding racemates and diastereomers include, but are notlimited to bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene,bicyclo[2.2.2]octene, bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, bicyclo[3.2.1]octene, andthe like.

For a specific molecule,N4-(3-aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine,it has been discovered that the two cis racemates exhibitantiproliferative activity against a variety of tumor cell types in invitro assays. However, the cis exo-exo racemate is approximatelytwenty-fold more potent than the cis endo-endo racemate in all celllines tested. Moreover, it has been discovered that the enantiomercorresponding to the (1R,2R,3S,4S) diastereomer of structural formula(IVa) is largely responsible for the potency of the exo-exo cisracemate. When tested as isolated stereoisomers, the (1R,2R,3S,4S)diastereomer of this compound exhibited IC₅₀s in the nanomolar range,whereas the (1S,2S,3R,4R) diastereomer of this compound generallyexhibited IC₅₀s in the micromolar range against the same cell lines.Thus, in general, the (1R,2R,3S,4S) diastereomer of this compound isapproximately 1000-fold more potent than the (1S,2S,3R,4R) diastereomer.The (1R,2R,3S,4S) diastereomer exhibited similarly superior resultscompared to the (1S,2S,3R,4R) diastereomers in cell-based inhibitionassays against Aurora kinase B.

Based on the observed potency of this (1R,2R,3S,4S) diastereomer, it isexpected that the full range of diastereomers corresponding to thediastereomer of structural formula (IVa) will exhibit similarly superiorpotencies as compared to their enantiomers, the exo-exo and endo-endocis racemates, and their other diastereomers.

Thus, additional specific embodiments of the compounds include compoundsthat are enriched in one or more of the active diastereomers, or in oneor more of the diastereomers that exhibit superior potencies in in vitroand/or in vivo antiproliferation assays, and/or that are substantiallyfree of inactive diastereomers.

In some embodiments, the stereoisomerically enriched compounds arecompounds according to structural formula (I) in which R⁴ comprises anunbridged saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl that is enriched one ormore of the diastereomers corresponding to structural formulae (IIa),(IIb) and/or (IIc). In a specific embodiment, the compound issubstantially free of the diastereomer corresponding to structuralformula (IId). In another specific embodiment, the compound is amixture, including a racemic mixture, of the diastereomers correspondingto structural formulae (IIa) and (IIb). In still another specificembodiment, the compound is a substantially pure diastereomercorresponding to structure (IIa), (IIb) or (IIc).

In some embodiments, the stereoisomerically enriched compounds arecompounds according to structural formula (I) in which R⁴ comprises abridged saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl, or a saturated orunsaturated bicycloalkyl, that are enriched in a diastereomercorresponding to structural formula (IVa), (IVb), (IVc) and/or (IVd). Ina specific embodiment, the compound is a racemic mixture of cis isomerscorresponding to structural formulae (IIIa) or (IIIb). In anotherspecific embodiment, the compound is substantially pure in thediastereomer corresponding to structural formula (IVa).

In one illustrative embodiment, the stereoisomerically enrichedcompounds are compounds according to structural formula (VI):

including the salts, hydrates, solvates and N-oxides thereof, that areenriched in one or more diastereomers according to structural formula(VIa), (VIb) and/or (VIc):

wherein s is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; R², R⁵ and R⁷ are aspreviously defined for structural formula (I); and the dotted linerepresents one or more optional double bonds, the positions of which canvary, with the proviso that when S is 0, the ring does not include adouble bond. In a specific embodiment, S is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and the bondincluding the dotted line is a single bond.

In another illustrative embodiment, the stereoisomerically enrichedcompounds are compounds according to structural formula (VII):

including the salts, hydrates, solvates and N-oxides thereof, that isenriched in one or more diastereomers according to structural formula(VIIa), (VIIb) or (VIIc):

wherein t is an integer ranging from 1 to 3 and R², R⁵ and R⁷ are aspreviously defined for structural formula (VI). In a specificembodiment, t is 1 or 2.

In still another illustrative embodiment, the stereoisomericallyenriched compounds are compounds according to structural formula (VI)that are substantially free of the diastereomer of structural formula(VId):

In still another illustrative embodiment, the stereoisomericallyenriched compounds are compounds according to structural formula (VII)that are substantially free of the diastereomer of structural formula(VIId):

In still another illustrative embodiment, the stereoisomericallyenriched compounds are compounds according to structural formulae (VIa)or (VIIa) that are substantially free of all other enantiomers and/ordiastereomers.

In yet another illustrative embodiment, the stereoisomerically enrichedcompounds are compounds according to structural formula (VIII):

including the salts, hydrates, solvates and N-oxides thereof, that areenriched in the diastereomer of structural formula (VIIIa):

wherein R², R⁵ and R⁷ are as previously defined for structural formula(I), and the dotted line represents a single bond or double bond.

In still another illustrative embodiment, the stereoisomericallyenriched compounds are compounds according to structural formula (VIIIa)that are substantially free of any other enantiomers and diastereomers.

In some specific embodiments of the stereoisomerically enrichedcompounds described herein, R⁷ is one of the previously defined specificembodiments and R² is a phenyl of the formula

where R¹¹ and R¹² and R¹³ are as previously defined in connection withany of the previously-discussed specific embodiments.

As used herein, a compound is “enriched” in a particular diastereomerwhen that diastereomer is present in excess over any other diastereomerpresent in the compound. The actual percentage of the particulardiastereomer comprising the enriched compound will depend upon thenumber of other diastereomers present. As a specific example, a racemicmixture is “enriched” in a specified enantiomer when that enantiomerconstitutes greater than 50% of the mixture. Regardless of the number ofdiastereomers present, a compound that is enriched in a particulardiastereomer will typically comprise at least about 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%,or even more, of the specified diastereomer. The amount of enrichment ofa particular diastereomer can be confirmed using conventional analyticalmethods routinely used by those of skill in the art, as will bediscussed in more detail, below.

Some embodiments of stereoisomerically enriched compounds aresubstantially free of specified enantiomers and/or diastereomers. By“substantially free of” is meant that the compound comprises less thanabout 10% of the undesired diastereomers and/or enantiomers asestablished using conventional analytical methods routinely used bythose of skill in the art (discussed in more detail below). In someembodiments, the amount of undesired stereoisomers may be less than 10%,for example, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% or even less.Stereoisomerically enriched compounds that contain about 95% or more ofa desired stereoisomer are referred to herein as “substantially pure”stereoisomers. Stereoisomerically enriched compounds that contain about99% or more of a desired stereoisomer are referred to herein as “pure”stereoisomers. The purity of any stereoisomerically enriched compound(diastereoisomeric purity; % de) can be confirmed using conventionalanalytical methods, as will be described in more detail, below.

Various specific exemplary embodiments of the compounds described hereinare provided in TABLE 1, in the Examples section. In this table,compounds that were either synthesized or isolated as specificdiastereomers are illustrated showing the absolute stereochemistry aboutthe chiral centers of the R⁴ ring. Compounds having chiral centers inthe R⁴ ring that are not illustrated with a specified stereochemicalconfiguration were synthesized as racemates.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the compounds describedherein may include functional groups that can be masked with progroupsto create prodrugs. Such prodrugs are usually, but need not be,pharmacologically inactive until converted into their active drug form.For example, ester groups commonly undergo acid-catalyzed hydrolysis toyield the parent carboxylic acid when exposed to the acidic conditionsof the stomach, or base-catalyzed hydrolysis when exposed to the basicconditions of the intestine or blood. Thus, when administered to asubject orally, compounds that include ester moieties may be consideredprodrugs of their corresponding carboxylic acid, regardless of whetherthe ester form is pharmacologically active.

Included within the scope of the invention are prodrugs of the variouscompounds described herein. In such prodrugs, any available functionalmoiety may be masked with a progroup to yield a prodrug. Functionalgroups within the compounds described herein that may be masked withprogroups for inclusion in a promoiety include, but are not limited to,amines (primary and secondary), hydroxyls, sulfanyls (thiols),carboxyls, etc. Myriad progroups suitable for masking such functionalgroups to yield promoieties that are cleavable under the desiredconditions of use are known in the art. All of these progroups, alone orin combinations, may be included in the prodrugs described herein.

In one illustrative embodiment, the prodrugs are compounds according tostructural formulae (I), supra, in which R^(a), R^(b) and R^(c) may be,in addition to their previously-defined alternatives, a progroup.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that many of the compounds andprodrugs described herein, as well as the various compound speciesspecifically described and/or illustrated herein, may exhibit thephenomena of tautomerism and conformational isomerism. For example, thecompounds and prodrugs may exist in several tautomeric forms, includingthe enol form, the keto form and mixtures thereof. The compounds mayalso include chiral centers in addition to those specifically discussedherein, and may therefore exist as optical isomers. As the variouscompound names, formulae and compound drawings within the specificationand claims can represent only one of the possible tautomeric orconformational forms, it should be understood that the inventionencompasses any tautomers, conformational or optical isomers, of thecompounds or prodrugs having one or more of the utilities describedherein, as well as mixtures of these various different isomeric forms.In cases of limited rotation around the 2,4-pyrimidinediamine corestructure, atrop isomers are also possible and are also specificallyincluded in the compounds and/or prodrugs of the invention.

Depending upon the nature of the various substituents, the compounds andprodrugs may be in the form of salts. Such salts include salts suitablefor pharmaceutical uses (“pharmaceutically-acceptable salts”), saltssuitable for veterinary uses, etc. Such salts may be derived from acidsor bases, as is well-known in the art.

In some embodiments, the salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.Generally, pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those salts that retainsubstantially one or more of the desired pharmacological activities ofthe parent compound and which are suitable for administration to humans.Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts formedwith inorganic acids or organic acids. Inorganic acids suitable forforming pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, by wayof example and not limitation, hydrohalide acids (e.g., hydrochloricacid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic, etc.), sulfuric acid, nitric acid,phosphoric acid, and the like. Organic acids suitable for formingpharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, by way ofexample and not limitation, adipic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroaceticacid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid,glycolic acid, oxalic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid,succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid,citric acid, palmitic acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoicacid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, alkylsulfonic acids (e.g.,methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethane-disulfonic acid,2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, etc.), arylsulfonic acids (e.g.,benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid,2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonicacid, etc.), 4-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid,glucoheptonic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid,tertiary butylacetic acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamicacid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, muconic acid,and the like.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include salts formed when anacidic proton present in the parent compound is either replaced by ametal ion (e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion or analuminum ion) or coordinates with an inorganic or organic base (e.g.,ammonia, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine,N-methylglucamine, morpholine, piperidine, dimethylamine, diethylamine,etc.).

The compounds and prodrugs, as well as the salts thereof, may also be inthe form of hydrates, solvates and/or N-oxides, as are well-known in theart.

For embodiments of compounds that are enriched in particulardiastereomers, the stereoisomeric enrichment and/or purity may beestablished by conventional analytical methods well known to those ofskill in the art. For example, use of chiral NMR shift reagents, gaschromatographic analysis using chiral columns, high pressure liquidchromatographic analysis using chiral columns, formation ofdiastereomeric derivatives through reaction with chiral reagents andconventional analysis may be used to establish the stereoisomericenrichment and/or purity of a specific stereoisomer. Alternatively,synthesis using starting materials of known stereoisomeric enrichmentand/or purity may be used to establish the stereoisomeric enrichmentand/or purity of the compounds described herein. Other analyticalmethods for demonstrating stereoisomeric homogeneity are well within theambit of the skilled artisan.

6.4 Methods of Synthesis

The compounds and prodrugs described herein may be synthesized via avariety of different synthetic routes using commercially availablestarting materials and/or starting materials prepared by conventionalsynthetic methods. A variety of exemplary synthetic routes that can beused to synthesize the compounds and prodrugs are described in WO03/063794 and US 2004-0029902, the disclosures of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

For purposes of illustration, an exemplary synthetic scheme that can beused to synthesize the full range of compounds described herein isillustrated in Scheme (I), below:

In Scheme (I), R², R⁴ and R⁵ are as previously defined for structuralformula (I), supra, X is a halogen (e.g., F, Cl, Br or I), and each Gis, independently of the other, selected from O and S.

Referring to Scheme (I), uracil or thiouracil 2 is dihalogenated at the2- and 4-positions using the standard halogenating agent POX₃ (or otherstandard halogenating agents) under standard conditions to yield2,4-bis-halo pyrimidine 4. The halide at the C4 position is morereactive towards nucleophiles than the halide at the C2 position inpyrimidine 4. This differential reactivity can be exploited tosynthesize the compounds and prodrugs described herein by first reacting2,4-bis-halopyrimidine 4 with one equivalent of amine 6, yielding 8,followed by reaction with amine 10 to yield compounds according tostructural formula (I) (12).

In most situations, the C4 halide is more reactive towards nucleophiles,as illustrated in the Scheme. However, as will be recognized by skilledartisans, the identity of the R⁵ substituent may alter this reactivity.For example, when R⁵ is trifluoromethyl, a 50:50 mixture of4N-substituted-4-pyrimidineamine 8 and the corresponding2N-substituted-2-pyrimidineamine is obtained. Regardless of the identityof the R⁵ substituent, the regioselectivity of the reaction can becontrolled by adjusting the solvent and other synthetic conditions (suchas temperature), as is well-known in the art.

The reactions depicted in Scheme (I) may proceed more quickly when thereaction mixtures are heated via microwave. When heating in thisfashion, the following conditions may be used: heat to 175° C. inethanol for 5-20 min. in a Smith Reactor (Personal Chemistry, BiotageAB, Sweden) in a sealed tube (at 20 bar pressure).

The uracil or thiouracil 2 starting materials may be purchased fromcommercial sources or prepared using standard techniques of organicchemistry. Commercially available uracils and thiouracils that can beused as starting materials in Scheme (I) include, by way of example andnot limitation, uracil (Aldrich #13, 078-8; CAS Registry 66-22-8);2-thio-uracil (Aldrich #11, 558-4; CAS Registry 141-90-2);2,4-dithiouracil (Aldrich #15, 846-1; CAS Registry 2001-93-6);5-bromouracil (Aldrich #85, 247-3; CAS Registry 51-20-7; 5-fluorouracil(Aldrich #85, 847-1; CAS Registry 51-21-8); 5-iodouracil (Aldrich #85,785-8; CAS Registry 696-07-1); 5-nitrouracil (Aldrich #85, 276-7; CASRegistry 611-08-5); 5-(trifluoromethyl)-uracil (Aldrich #22, 327-1; CASRegistry 54-20-6). Additional 5-substituted uracils and/or thiouracilsare available from General Intermediates of Canada, Inc., Edmonton,Calif. (http://www.generalintermediates.com) and/or Interchim, Cedex,France (http://www.interchim.com), or may be prepared using standardtechniques. Myriad textbook references teaching suitable syntheticmethods are provided infra.

Amines 6 and 10 may be purchased from commercial sources or,alternatively, may be synthesized utilizing standard techniques. Forexample, amines may be synthesized from nitro precursors using standardchemistry. Specific exemplary reactions are provided in the Examplessection. See also Vogel, 1989, Practical Organic Chemistry, AddisonWesley Longman, Ltd. and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Skilled artisans will recognize that in some instances amines 6 and/or10 may include functional groups that require protection duringsynthesis. The exact identity of any protecting group(s) used willdepend upon the identity of the functional group being protected, andwill be apparent to these of skill in the art. Guidance for selectingappropriate protecting groups, as well as synthetic strategies for theirattachment and removal, may be found, for example, in Greene & Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3d Edition, John Wiley & Sons,Inc., New York (1999) and the references cited therein (hereinafter“Greene & Wuts”).

Prodrugs as described herein may be prepared by routine modification ofthe above-described methods.

Compounds that are enriched, substantially pure and/or pure in specifieddiastereomers may be isolated by chiral separation or by other standardtechniques. Methods for chirally resolving specific diastereomers aredescribed in more detail in the Examples section.

Alternatively, stereoisomerically enriched, substantiallystereoisomerically pure and/or stereoisomerically pure compounds may besynthesized from amine 6 starting materials having the desiredstereochemistry, or that include chiral auxiliaries to aid chiralseparation. For example, specified racemic mixtures can be synthesizedusing the appropriate racemic amine 6. As another specific example,stereoisomerically pure compounds can be synthesized from theappropriate stereoisomerically pure amine 6.

In one exemplary embodiment, illustrated in Scheme (II), below, thedesired diastereomer is resolved chemically using(R)-methyl-p-methoxybenzylamine as a chiral auxiliary.

In Scheme (II), 2-exo-3-exo racemic β-lactam 14 (prepared as describedin Stajar et al., 1984, Tetrahedron 40(12): 2385) is protected with aBoc group, yielding the corresponding racemic Boc-protected β-lactam 16.In β-lactams 14 and 16, the ring represents any saturated orunsaturated, bridged or unbridged cycloalkyl. Boc-protected racemate 16is then reacted with (R)-methyl-para-methoxybenzylamine 18, yielding amixture of diastereomers 20a and 20b. This diastereomeric mixture istreated with an acid such as TFA to cleave the Boc group, yielding amixture of diastereomers 22a and 22b, which can be reacted with2,4-dihalopyrimidine 4 to afford a racemic mixture of compounds 24a and24b. At this stage, compounds 24a and 24b can be resolved from oneanother by crystallization, each isolated diastereomer reacted withamine 10, and the chiral auxiliary cleaved to afford isolateddiastereomers 25a and 25b. The chiral auxiliaries from isolateddiasteromers 25a and 25b can then be cleaved, and the compounds furtherderivatized, if desired. Alternatively, the chiral auxiliaries need notbe cleaved, as 2,4-pyrimidinediamine compounds including the chiralauxiliaries have antiproliferative activity.

For compounds in which R⁵ is fluoro and R² is

where R¹¹ is hydrogen, R¹² is 4-methyl-piperazin-2-yl, and R¹³ ismethyl, cleavage of the chiral auxiliary proved difficult. For these andother compounds where such cleavage proves difficult, the chiralauxiliary can be cleaved from compounds 24a and 24b, and the resultantisolated compounds reacted with amine 10.

Compounds that are stereoisomerically enriched, substantiallystereoisomerically pure and/or stereoisomerically pure in specifieddiastereomers can also be synthesized from stereoisomerically enriched,substantially stereoisomerically pure, and/or stereoisomerically pureβ-lactams. Such stereoisomerically enriched and/or (substantially)stereoisomerically pure β-lactams can be enzymatically resolved andisolated. In one exemplary embodiment, (substantially)stereoisomerically pure β-lactams can be resolved and isolated from aracemic mixture of 2-exo-3-exo β-lactam 14 using an immobilized lipolase(available from Sigma Chemical Co., catalog no. L4777) as described inEniko et al., 2004, Tetrahedron Asymmetry 15:573-575. In anotherexemplary embodiment, (substantially) stereoisomerically pure β-lactamscan be resolved and isolated from 2-exo-3-exo Boc-protected racemicβ-lactam 16 using resin bound, immobilized chirazyme L-2-type B, c.f.enzyme (Candida Antarctica Type B, c-f, available from Biocatalytics,Inc., Pasadena, Calif.) as described in copending application Ser. No.60/628,401, filed Nov. 5, 2004. A specific example of the use of thisenzyme to resolve specified diastereomers of β-lactams is described inthe Examples section, as is a method of synthesizing 2-exo-3-exo racemicβ-lactam 16.

Examples of synthesizing specified diasteromers utilizing enzymereactions are illustrated in Schemes (III) and (IV), below. In Schemes(III) and (IV), stereoisomerically enriched, substantiallystereoisomerically pure and/or stereoismerically pure compounds in whichR⁷ is an N-substituted amide can be prepared from the correspondingcarboxamide using standard techniques. The carboxamide can be convertedto the corresponding acids and/or esters via acidic hydrolysis ortreatment with basic alkoxide, respectively. A specific example of theuse of Novozyme 435 enzyme as illustrated in Scheme (IV), which like theChirazyme enzyme discussed supra and illustrated in Scheme (III), can beused to resolve enantiomers from racemic β-lactams, is described in theExamples section.

6.5 Activity of the Antiproliferative Compounds

Active compounds typically inhibit proliferation of desired cells, suchas tumor cells, with an IC₅₀ in the range of about 20 μM or less, asmeasured in a standard in vitro cellular proliferation assay. Of course,skilled artisans will appreciate that compounds which exhibit lowerIC₅₀'s, for example on the order of 10 μM, 1 μM, 500 nM, 100 nM, 10 nM,1 nM, or even lower, may be particularly useful in therapeuticapplications. The antiproliferative activity may be cytostatic or it maybe cytotoxic. In instances where antiproliferative activity specific toa particular cell type is desired, the compound may be assayed foractivity with the desired cell type and counter-screened for a lack ofactivity against other cell types. The desired degree of “inactivity” insuch counter screens, or the desired ratio of activity vs. inactivitymay vary for different situations, and may be selected by the user.

Active compounds also typically inhibit an activity of an Aurora kinasewith an IC₅₀ in the range of about 20 μM or less, typically in the rangeof about 10 μM, 1 μM, 500 nM, 100 nM, 10 nM, 1 nM, or even lower. TheIC₅₀ against an Aurora kinase can be determined in a standard in vitroassay with an isolated aurora kinase, or in a functional cellular assay.A suitable enzyme-coupled assay that can be used to determine the degreeof Aurora kinase activity is described in Fox et al., 1998, Protein Sci.7:2249-2255. Kemptide peptide sequence LRRASLG (Bochern Ltd., UK) can beused as a substrate for Aurora kinase-A Aurora kinase-B and/or Aurorakinase-C, and reactions can be carried out at 30° C. in a solutioncontaining 100 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 10 mM Mg Cl₂, 25 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT.IC₅₀ values can be determined using computerized non-linear regressionwith commercially-available software (e.g., Prism 3.0, GraphPedSoftware, San Diego, Calif.). A suitable cell-based functional assay isdescribed in the Examples section.

6.6 Uses of the Antiproliferative Compounds

The active compounds, including the various prodrugs, salts, hydratesand/or N-oxide forms thereof, may be used to inhibit Aurora kinases,Aurora kinase-mediated processes, and/or cell proliferation in a varietyof contexts. According to some embodiments, a cell or population ofcells is contacted with an amount of such a compound effective toinhibit an activity of an Aurora kinase, an Aurora kinase-mediatedprocess and/or proliferation of the cell or cell population. When usedto inhibit cellular proliferation, the compound may act cytotoxically tokill the cell, or cytostatically to inhibit proliferation withoutkilling the cell.

In some embodiments, the methods may be practiced in vivo as atherapeutic approach towards the treatment or prevention of Aurorakinase-mediated diseases or disorders, and in particular proliferativedisorders. Thus, in a specific embodiment, the stereoisomericallyenriched compounds described herein, (and the various forms describedherein) may be used to treat or prevent proliferative disorders inanimal subjects, including humans. The method generally comprisesadministering to the subject an amount of a stereoisomerically enrichedcompound, or a prodrug, salt, hydrate or N-oxide thereof, effective totreat or prevent the disorder. In one embodiment, the subject is amammal, including, but not limited to, bovine, horse, feline, canine,rodent, or primate. In another embodiment, the subject is a human.

A variety of cellular proliferative disorders may be treated orprevented with the compounds described herein. In some embodiments, thecompounds are used to treat various cancers in afflicted subjects.Cancers are traditionally classified based on the tissue and cell typefrom which the cancer cells originate. Carcinomas are considered cancersarising from epithelial cells while sarcomas are considered cancersarising from connective tissues or muscle. Other cancer types includeleukemias, which arise from hematopoietic cells, and cancers of nervoussystem cells, which arise from neural tissue. For non-invasive tumors,adenomas are considered benign epithelial tumors with glandularorganization while chondromas are benign tumor arising from cartilage.In the present invention, the described compounds may be used to treatproliferative disorders encompassed by carcinomas, sarcomas, leukemias,neural cell tumors, and non-invasive tumors.

In a specific embodiment, the compounds are used to treat solid tumorsarising from various tissue types, including, but not limited to,cancers of the bone, breast, respiratory tract, brain, reproductiveorgans, digestive tract, urinary tract, bladder, eye, liver, skin, head,neck, thyroid, parathyroid, kidney, pancreas, blood, ovary, colon,germ/prostate, and metastatic forms thereof.

Specific proliferative disorders include the following: a) proliferativedisorders of the breast include, but are not limited to, invasive ductalcarcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma, lobularcarcinoma in situ, and metastatic breast cancer; b) proliferativedisorders of the skin include, but are not limited to, basal cellcarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and Karposi'ssarcoma; c) proliferative disorders of the respiratory tract include,but are not limited to, small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma,bronchial edema, pleuropulmonary blastoma, and malignant mesothelioma;d) proliferative disorders of the brain include, but are not limited to,brain stem and hypothalamic glioma, cerebellar and cerebral astrocytoma,medullablastoma, ependymal tumors, oligodendroglial, meningiomas, andneuroectodermal and pineal tumors; e) proliferative disorders of themale reproductive organs include, but are not limited to, prostatecancer, testicular cancer, and penile cancer f) proliferative disordersof the female reproductive organs include, but are not limited to,uterine cancer (endometrial), cervical, ovarian, vaginal, vulvalcancers, uterine sarcoma, ovarian germ cell tumor; g) proliferativedisorders of the digestive tract include, but are not limited to, anal,colon, colorectal, esophageal, gallbladder, stomach (gastric),pancreatic cancer, pancreatic cancer-Islet cell, rectal,small-intestine, and salivary gland cancers; h) proliferative disordersof the liver include, but are not limited to, hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma, mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma, and primaryliver cancer; i) proliferative disorders of the eye include, but are notlimited to, intraocular melanoma, retinoblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma;j) proliferative disorders of the head and neck cancers can include, butare not limited to, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal,oropharyngeal cancers, and lip and oral cancer, squamous neck cancer,metastatic paranasal sinus cancer; k) proliferative disorders of thelymphomas include, but are not limited to, various T cell and B celllymphomas, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, renaltumors and carcinomas T-cell lymphomas and leukemias, and lymphoma ofthe central nervous system; l) leukemias include, but are not limitedto, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chroniclymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and hair cellleukemia, m) proliferative disorders of the thyroid include thyroidcancer, thymoma, and malignant thymoma; n) sarcomas include, but are notlimited to, sarcoma of the soft tissue, osteosarcoma, malignant fibroushistiocytoma, lymphosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.

It is to be understood that the descriptions of proliferative disordersis not limited to the conditions described above, but encompasses otherdisorders characterized by uncontrolled growth and malignancy. It isfurther understood that proliferative disorders include variousmetastatic forms of the tumor and cancer types described herein. Thecompounds of the present invention may be tested for effectivenessagainst the disorders described herein, and a therapeutically effectiveregimen established. Effectiveness, as further described below, includesreduction or remission of the tumor, decreases in the rate of cellproliferation, or cytostatic or cytotoxic effect on cell growth.

6.7 Combination Therapies

The compounds described herein may be used alone, in combination withone another, or as an adjunct to, or in conjunction with, otherestablished antiproliferative therapies. Thus, the compounds may be usedwith traditional cancer therapies, such as ionization radiation in theform of γ-rays and x-rays, delivered externally or internally byimplantation of radioactive compounds, and as a follow-up to surgicalremoval of tumors.

In another aspect, the compounds may be used with other chemotherapeuticagents useful for the disorder or condition being treated. Thesecompounds may be administered simultaneously, sequentially, by the sameroute of administration, or by a different route.

In some embodiments, the present compounds are used with otheranti-cancer or cytotoxic agents. Various classes of anti-cancer andanti-neoplastic compounds include, but are not limited to, alkylatingagents, antimetabolites, vinca alkyloids, taxanes, antibiotics, enzymes,cytokines, platinum coordination complexes, substituted ureas, tyrosinekinase inhibitors, hormones and hormone antagonists. Exemplaryalkylating agents include, by way of example and not limitation,mechlorothamine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil,ethyleneimines, methylmelamines, alkyl sulfonates (e.g., busulfan), andcarmustine. Exemplary antimetabolites include, by way of example and notlimitation, folic acid analog methotrexate; pyrimidine analogfluorouracil, cytosine arbinoside; purine analogs mercaptopurine,thioguanine, and azathioprine. Exemplary vinca alkyloids include, by wayof example and not limitation, vinblastine, vincristine, paclitaxel, andcolchicine. Exemplary antibiotics include, by way of example and notlimitation, actinomycin D, daunorubicin, and bleomycin. An exemplaryenzyme effective as anti-neoplastic agents include L-asparaginase.Exemplary coordination compounds include, by way of example and notlimitation, cisplatin and carboplatin. Exemplary hormones and hormonerelated compounds include, by way of example and not limitation,adrenocorticosteroids prednisone and dexamethasone; aromatase inhibitorsamino glutethimide, formestane, and anastrozole; progestin compoundshydroxyprogesteron caproate, medroxyprogesterone; and anti-estrogencompound tamoxifen.

These and other useful anti-cancer compounds are described in MerckIndex, 13th Ed. (O'Neil M. J. et al., ed) Merck Publishing Group (2001)and Goodman and Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10thEdition, Hardman, J. G. and Limbird, L. E. eds., pg. 1381-1387, McGrawHill, (2001), both of which are incorporated by reference herein.

Additional anti-proliferative compounds useful in combination with thecompounds described herein include, by way of example and notlimitation, antibodies directed against growth factor receptors (e.g.,anti-Her2); antibodies for activating T cells (e.g., anti-CTLA-4antibodies); and cytokines such as interferon-α and interferon-γ,interleukin-2 and GM-CSF.

6.8 Formulations and Administration

When used to treat or prevent such diseases, the active compounds andprodrugs may be administered singly, as mixtures of one or more activecompounds, or in mixture or combination with other agents useful fortreating such diseases and/or the symptoms associated with suchdiseases. The active compounds and prodrugs may also be administered inmixture or in combination with agents useful to treat other disorders ormaladies, such as steroids, membrane stabilizers. The active compoundsor prodrugs may be administered per se, or as pharmaceuticalcompositions comprising an active compound or prodrug.

Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the active compounds (or prodrugsthereof) may be manufactured by means of conventional mixing,dissolving, granulating, dragee-making levigating, emulsifying,encapsulating, entrapping or lyophilization processes. The compositionsmay be formulated in conventional manner using one or morephysiologically acceptable carriers, diluents, excipients or auxiliarieswhich facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparationswhich can be used pharmaceutically (see Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences, 15^(th) Ed., Hoover, J. E. ed., Mack Publishing Co. (2003)

The active compound or prodrug may be formulated in the pharmaceuticalcompositions per se, or in the form of a hydrate, solvate, N-oxide orpharmaceutically acceptable salt, as previously described. Typically,such salts are more soluble in aqueous solutions than the correspondingfree acids and bases, but salts having lower solubility than thecorresponding free acids and bases may also be formed.

Pharmaceutical compositions may take a form suitable for virtually anymode of administration, including, for example, topical, ocular, oral,buccal, systemic, nasal, injection, transdermal, rectal, vaginal, etc.,or a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation.

For topical administration, the active compound(s) or prodrug(s) may beformulated as solutions, gels, ointments, creams, suspensions, etc. asare well-known in the art.

Systemic formulations include those designed for administration byinjection, e.g., subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intrathecalor intraperitoneal injection, as well as those designed for transdermal,transmucosal oral or pulmonary administration.

Useful injectable preparations include sterile suspensions, solutions oremulsions of the active compound(s) in aqueous or oily vehicles. Thecompositions may also contain formulating agents, such as suspending,stabilizing and/or dispersing agent. The formulations for injection maybe presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multidosecontainers, and may contain added preservatives.

Alternatively, the injectable formulation may be provided in powder formfor reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, including but not limited tosterile pyrogen free water, buffer, dextrose solution, etc., before use.To this end, the active compound(s) may be dried by any art-knowntechnique, such as lyophilization, and reconstituted prior to use.

For transmucosal administration, penetrants appropriate to the barrierto be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are knownin the art.

For oral administration, the pharmaceutical compositions may take theform of, for example, lozenges, tablets or capsules prepared byconventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such asbinding agents (e.g., pregelatinised maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidoneor hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (e.g., lactose,microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate); lubricants(e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrants (e.g., potatostarch or sodium starch glycolate); or wetting agents (e.g., sodiumlauryl sulfate, lecithin). The tablets may be coated by methods wellknown in the art with, for example, sugars, films or enteric coatings.

Liquid preparations for oral administration may take the form of, forexample, elixirs, solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may bepresented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitablevehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may be prepared byconventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable additives such assuspending agents (e.g., sorbitol syrup, cellulose derivatives orhydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agents (e.g., lecithin oracacia); non-aqueous vehicles (e.g., almond oil, oily esters, ethylalcohol, Cremophore™ or fractionated vegetable oils); and preservatives(e.g., methyl or propyl-p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid). Thepreparations may also contain buffer salts, preservatives, flavoring,coloring and sweetening agents as appropriate.

Preparations for oral administration may be suitably formulated to givecontrolled release of the active compound or prodrug, as is well knownin the art.

For buccal administration, the compositions may take the form of tabletsor lozenges formulated in conventional manner.

For rectal and vaginal routes of administration, the active compound(s)may be formulated as solutions (for retention enemas) suppositories orointments containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butteror other glycerides.

For nasal administration or administration by inhalation orinsufflation, the active compound(s) or prodrug(s) can be convenientlydelivered in the form of an aerosol spray from pressurized packs or anebulizer with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g.,dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane,dichlorotetrafluoroethane, fluorocarbons, carbon dioxide or othersuitable gas. In the case of a pressurized aerosol, the dosage unit maybe determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Capsulesand cartridges for use in an inhaler or insufflator (for examplecapsules and cartridges comprised of gelatin) may be formulatedcontaining a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base suchas lactose or starch.

For ocular administration, the active compound(s) or prodrug(s) may beformulated as a solution, emulsion, suspension, etc. suitable foradministration to the eye. A variety of vehicles suitable foradministering compounds to the eye are known in the art. Specificnon-limiting examples are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,547; U.S.Pat. No. 6,197,934; U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,950; U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,807;U.S. Pat. No. 5,776,445; U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,219; U.S. Pat. No.5,521,222; U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,841; U.S. Pat. No. 5,077,033; U.S. Pat.No. 4,882,150; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,851.

For prolonged delivery, the active compound(s) or prodrug(s) can beformulated as a depot preparation for administration by implantation orintramuscular injection. The active ingredient may be formulated withsuitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (e.g., as an emulsion in anacceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly solublederivatives, e.g., as a sparingly soluble salt. Alternatively,transdermal delivery systems manufactured as an adhesive disc or patchwhich slowly releases the active compound(s) for percutaneous absorptionmay be used. To this end, permeation enhancers may be used to facilitatetransdermal penetration of the active compound(s). Suitable transdermalpatches are described in for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,407,713; U.S. Pat.No. 5,352,456; U.S. Pat. No. 5,332,213; U.S. Pat. No. 5,336,168; U.S.Pat. No. 5,290,561; U.S. Pat. No. 5,254,346; U.S. Pat. No. 5,164,189;U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,899; U.S. Pat. No. 5,088,977; U.S. Pat. No.5,087,240; U.S. Pat. No. 5,008,110; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,921,475.

Alternatively, other pharmaceutical delivery systems may be employed.Liposomes and emulsions are well-known examples of delivery vehiclesthat may be used to deliver active compound(s) or prodrug(s). Certainorganic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or other vehicles suchas CREMOPHOR (a class of non-ionic solubilizers and emulsifiersmanufactured by BASF Corporation, Florham Park, N.J.), may also beemployed, although usually at the cost of greater toxicity.

The pharmaceutical compositions may, if desired, be presented in a packor dispenser device which may contain one or more unit dosage formscontaining the active compound(s). The pack may, for example, comprisemetal or plastic foil, such as a blister pack. The pack or dispenserdevice may be accompanied by instructions for administration.

6.9 Effective Dosages

The active compound(s) or prodrug(s), or compositions thereof, willgenerally be used in an amount effective to achieve the intended result,for example in an amount effective to treat or prevent the particulardisease being treated. The compound(s) may be administeredtherapeutically to achieve therapeutic benefit. By therapeutic benefitis meant eradication or amelioration of the underlying disorder beingtreated and/or eradication or amelioration of one or more of thesymptoms associated with the underlying disorder such that the patientreports an improvement in feeling or condition, notwithstanding that thepatient may still be afflicted with the underlying disorder. Therapeuticbenefit also includes halting or slowing the progression of the disease,regardless of whether improvement is realized.

The amount of compound administered will depend upon a variety offactors, including, for example, the particular indication beingtreated, the mode of administration, the severity of the indicationbeing treated and the age and weight of the patient, the bioavailabilityof the particular active compound, etc. Determination of an effectivedosage is well within the capabilities of those skilled in the art.

Effective dosages may be estimated initially from in vitro assays. Forexample, an initial dosage for use in animals may be formulated toachieve a circulating blood or serum concentration of active compoundthat is at or above an IC₅₀ of the particular compound as measured in anin vitro assay, such as the in vitro assays described in the Examplessection. Calculating dosages to achieve such circulating blood or serumconcentrations taking into account the bioavailability of the particularcompound is well within the capabilities of skilled artisans. Forguidance, the reader is referred to Fingl & Woodbury, “GeneralPrinciples,” In: Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmaceutical Basis ofTherapeutics, latest edition, supra, and the references cited therein.

Initial dosages may also be estimated from in vivo data, such as animalmodels. Animal models useful for testing the efficacy of compounds totreat or prevent the various diseases described above are well-known inthe art. Dosage amounts will typically be in the range of from about0.0001 or 0.001 or 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day, but may behigher or lower, depending upon, among other factors, the activity ofthe compound, its bioavailability, the mode of administration andvarious factors discussed above. Dosage amount and interval may beadjusted individually to provide plasma levels of the compound(s) whichare sufficient to maintain therapeutic or prophylactic effect. Forexample, the compounds may be administered once per week, several timesper week (e.g., every other day), once per day or multiple times perday, depending upon, among other things, the mode of administration, thespecific indication being treated and the judgment of the prescribingphysician. In cases of local administration or selective uptake, such aslocal topical administration, the effective local concentration ofactive compound(s) may not be related to plasma concentration. Skilledartisans will be able to optimize effective local dosages without undueexperimentation.

Preferably, the compound(s) will provide therapeutic or prophylacticbenefit without causing substantial toxicity. Toxicity of thecompound(s) may be determined using standard pharmaceutical procedures.The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic (or prophylactic) LD₅₀/ED₅₀effect is the therapeutic index (LD₅₀ is the dose lethal to 50% of thepopulation and ED₅₀ is the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of thepopulation). Compounds(s) that exhibit high therapeutic indices arepreferred.

6.10 Kits

The compounds and/or prodrugs described herein may be assembled in theform of kits. In some embodiments, the kit provides the compound(s) andreagents to prepare a composition for administration. The compositionmay be in a dry or lyophilized form, or in a solution, particularly asterile solution. When the composition is in a dry form, the reagent maycomprise a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent for preparing a liquidformulation. The kit may contain a device for administration or fordispensing the compositions, including, but not limited to syringe,pipette, transdermal patch, or inhalant.

The kits may include other therapeutic compounds for use in conjunctionwith the compounds described herein. In some embodiments, thetherapeutic agents are other anti-cancer and anti-neoplastic compounds.These compounds may be provided in a separate form, or mixed with thecompounds of the present invention.

The kits will include appropriate instructions for preparation andadministration of the composition, side effects of the compositions, andany other relevant information. The instructions may be in any suitableformat, including, but not limited to, printed matter, videotape,computer readable disk, or optical disc.

7. EXAMPLES

The inventions are further defined by reference to the followingexamples, which describe the preparation of several exemplaryembodiments of the compounds described herein, methods for assayingtheir biological activity, and methods for their use. It will beapparent to the skilled artisan that many modifications, both to thematerials and methods, may be practiced without departing from the scopeof the inventions.

7.1 Preparation of 4-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-3-methylinitrobenzene

Reaction:

Procedure:

A homogeneous mixture of 4-fluoro-3-methylnitrobenzene 1 (20 g, 129mmol) and N-methylpiperazine 3 (25.82 g, 258 mmol) inN-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) (10 mL) was refluxed (120° C.) under N₂ for 24hours. The reaction mixture upon cooling to room temperature was pouredover a saturated NaCl solution (100 mL). The resulting solid wassonicated for approx. 30 seconds, filtered, washed with ice-cold water(2×10 mL) and dried under high vacuum to obtain4-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-3-methylnitrobenzene 5 (28 g, 92%). ¹H NMR(CD₃OD): δ 8.02 (m, 2H), 7.13 (d, 1H, J=9.3 Hz), 3.08 (m, 4H), 2.66 (m,4H), 2.38 (s, 6H); LCMS: purity: 99%, MS (m/e): 236 (MH⁺).

7.2 Preparation of 4-(4-Methylpiperazinyl)-3-Methylaniline

Reaction:

Procedure:

A heterogeneous mixture of 4-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-3-methylnitrobenzene5 (20 g, 85 mmol), 10% Pd/C (1.3 g) in methanol (1.2 liter) washydrogenated [H₂] at 40 PSI for 3 hours. The palladium catalyst wasfiltered through a pad of celite, washed with methanol (3×50 mL) and thecombined filtrate was concentrated to afford4-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-3-methylaniline 7 (15 g, 86%). ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ6.83 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 6.59 (d, 1H, J=2.7 Hz), 6.54 (dd, 1H, J=8.4 and2.7 Hz), 2.84 (t, 4H, J=4.8 Hz), 2.60 (bm, 4H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s,3H); LCMS: purity: 99.9%, MS (m/e): 206 (MH⁺).

7.3 Synthesis of(1S,2R)—N4-(2-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

A mixture of (1S,2R)-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid HCl salt (100mg) 9a, 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine (200 mg) 10, sodium bicarbonate(50 mg), methanol (5 mL) and water (1 mL) was stirred, with warming,from room temperature to 60° C. overnight. The reaction solution wasevaporated to give (1S,2R)-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid 11a.

The crude residue 11a was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL) andisobutyl chloroformate (0.15 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (0.27 mL)were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for30 minutes, quenched with 2.0M ammonia in methanol (10 ml), stirred atroom temperature for 30 minutes, diluted with water (100 mL) andextracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The combined organic layerswere evaporated to provide crude (1S,2R)-carboxamide 13a.

(1S,2R)-carboxamide 13a was reacted with3-methyl-4-(4-methyl)piperazinoaniline 7 in a solution of methanol (5mL) and water (0.5 mL) with catalytic amount of trifluoroacetic acid at100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated and purified byflash chromotography (2.0 MNH₃ in methanol in CH₂Cl₂=1-5%).Recrystallization from ethyl acetate and hexanes gave the title (1S,2R)carboxamide 15a (30 mg) as a white solid.

7.4 Synthesis of(1R,2S)—N4-(2-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

Using the method of Section 7.3, and starting with(1R,2S)-2-aminocyclopentane carboxylic acid 9a (250 mg) gave the titlecompound 15b as a white solid (10 mg).

7.5 Synthesis of(1S,2S)—N4-(2-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

Ethyl (1S,2S)-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylate 23d was made according tothe procedure of Gellman et al., J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 5629-5632. Theethyl ester of 2-carboxy cyclopentanone 17 (4 mL),(S)-(−)-methylbenzylamine (6.96 mL) 19a and glacial acetic acid (3.08mL) were dissolved in ethanol (32 mL) and stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction solution was diluted with ethanol (64 ml) andheated to 72° C. Then NaBH₃CN (4.24 g) was added in portions and mixturewas stirred at 72° C. for 5 h. Water (150 mL) was added and ethanol wasremoved in vacuo. The remaining aqueous solution was extracted withether (2×150 mL) and the ether layer was passed through a silica plug,which was eluted with ether (150 mL). The filtrate was evaporated andthe residual oil was dissolved in ethyl acetate (120 mL). Then 4.0 N HClin dioxane (6.5 mL) was added dropwise with stirring. The solution waskept at 0° C. for 1 h, the white precipitate was then filtered andwashed with ethyl acetate. The resulting white solid was recrystallizedfrom ethanol (6.5 g in 40 mL ethanol). The product was furtherrecrystallized from acetonitrile to give the HCl salt of the ethyl esterof benzylated β-aminocyclopentanecarboxylate 21d.

The HCl salt of the ethyl ester of benzylated β-amino cyclopentanecarboxylate 21d (300 mg) was dissolved in methanol and 10% Pd—C wasadded. The solution was shaken under H₂ at 50 psi for 3 days, filteredthrough Celite and washed with methanol. The filtrate was evaporated togive the ethyl (1S,2S)-2-aminocyclopentane carboxylate 23d.

A mixture of the HCl salt of carboxylate 23d,2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine 10 (200 mg), sodium bicarbonate (100mg), methanol (5 mL) and water (1 mL) were stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction solution was diluted with water (100 mL). Theaqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL) and theorganic layers were evaporated to give the mono-SNAr product 27d.

The mono-SNAr product 27d was reacted with3-methyl-4-(4-methyl)piperazinoaniline 7 in a solution of methanol (1mL) and water (0.2 mL) with catalytic amount of trifluoroacetic acid at100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated and purified byflash column chromotography (2.0 MNH₃ in methanol in CH₂Cl₂=1-3%) togive ethyl (1S,2S)-cyclopentanecarboxylate 29d.

Ethyl (1S,2S)-cyclopentanecarboxylate 29d (100 mg) was dissolved in asolution of THF/MeOH/H₂O 6:3:1 and LiOH (46 mg) was added. The reactionsolution was stirred at room temperature overnight, neutralized with 1NHCl and the pH of the aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 6. The solventwas evaporated and the solid recrystallized from methanol and ethylacetate to give (1S,2S)-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid 31d.

(1S,2S)-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid 31d (100 mg) in dichloromethane (10mL) was treated with diisopropylethylamine (0.08 mL) and isobutylchloroformate (0.045 mL) and the reaction mixture stirred at roomtemperature for 30 minutes, quenched with 2.0 M NH₃ in methanol (10 mL),stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and then evaporated. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (2.0 M NH₃ in methanol inCH₂Cl₂=1-5%). Recrystallization from ethyl acetate and hexanes gave thetitle compound(1S,2S)-1-(2,4-pyrimidinediamino)-2-cyclopentanecarboxamide 15d as awhite solid.

7.6 Synthesis of(1R,2R)—N4-(2-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

Using (R)-(−)-methylbenzylamine (6.96 mL) instead of(S)-(+)-methylbenzylamine in the first step and following the procedureof Section 7.5 gave the title compound(1R,2R)-1-(2,4-pyrimidinediamino)-2-cyclopentanecarboxamide 15c (30 mg).

7.7 Synthesis of(1S,2R)—N4-(2-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

Cyclopentene 33 (18.7 mL) and chloro sulfonyl isocyanate (18.4 mL) weredissolved in dichloromethane (30 mL) at 0° C. and stirred for 1 h. Thereaction mixture was heated to 40° C. for 24 h, quenched slowly withcold water in an ice bath and then added dropwise to a solution ofNa₂SO₃ (13.36 g) in water (40 mL) at 0° C. Meanwhile, 20% NaOH aqueoussolution (125 mL) was added to keep the pH of the solution at 5-7. Thetemperature was the solution was controlled to remain below 25° C. Afteraddition, the solution was stirred for 1 h at 0° C. and extracted withdichloromethane (2×200 mL). The dichloromethane solution was evaporatedand recrystallized from ether and hexanes to give the racemic β-lactamof cyclopentane 35 as a solid (10 g).

Racemic 35 (4 g) was dissolved in isopropyl ether (80 mL). Lipolase(lipase on acrylic resin, 4 g) and water (0.32 mL) was added. Thereaction solution was stirred at 60° C. for 10 days. Solid was 37afiltered off and washed with isopropyl ether. The filtrate wasevaporated and recrystallized from isopropyl ether and hexanes to give alight yellow solid as product 35b (2 g).

Compound 35b (2 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) followed byaddition of Boc₂O (4.4 g) 4-dimethylaminopyridine (“DMAP”) (0.22 g). Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, diluted withethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with water (100 mL) and brine (100 mL).Ethyl acetate was evaporated and the resulting mixture was passedthrough a short silica gel column, eluting with 1:1 ethyl acetate andhexanes. The solvent was removed in vacuo and recrystallized fromhexanes to give white solid 39b as product.

Compound 39b was dissolved in 2.0M NH₃ in methanol (30 mL) and reactedat room temperature overnight. The solution was evaporated andrecrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes to give white solid 41a (800mg). The filtrate was evaporated to give the corresponding methyl esterof 43a as an oil.

Compound 43a (800 mg) was reacted in 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (10 mL) atroom temperature for 2 h and the solution was evaporated to give the HClsalt of 45a.

The HCl salt of 45a was dissolved in methanol (10 mL) and water (1 mL).2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine (1 g) and sodium bicarbonate (500 mg)were added to the solution and stirred at room temperature overnight.The solution was diluted with water (100 mL) and extracted with ethylacetate (3×100 mL). The organic layers were evaporated andrecrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes to give a white solid asmono-SNAr product (750 mg).

4-Fluoro-3-methylnitrobenzene (4 g) was dissolved in methanol (10 mL)and methylpiperazine (4 mL) was added to the solution, which was heatedat 100° C. overnight and then diluted with water (100 mL). The solutionwas extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL), the organic extracts wereevaporated and recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes to give asyellow solid 3-methyl-4-(4-methyl)piperazinonitrobenzene. The solid wasdissolved in methanol (50 mL) and 10% Pd—C was added. The reactionsolution was reacted under 40 psi H₂ for 1 h. The catalyst was removedby filtration and washed with methanol. The filtrate was evaporated togive 3-methyl-4-(4-methyl)piperazinoaniline.

The mono-SNAr product (700 mg) was reacted with3-methyl-4-(4-methyl)piperazinoaniline in a solution of methanol (5 mL)and water (0.5 mL) with catalytic amount of trifluoroacetic acid at 100°C. overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated and purified by flashcolumn chromotography (2.0 MNH₃ in methanol in CH₂Cl₂=1-7%).Recrystallization from ethyl acetate and hexanes gave a white solid 15a(700 mg). Compound 15a was dissolved in methanol (10 mL) and reactedwith 4.0M HCl in dioxane (0.9 mL) at room temperature for 30 min. Thesolution was evaporated and dried to solid. Recrystallization from coldmethanol and ethyl acetate gave the HCl salt of 15a.

7.8 Preparation of 3-Aza-4-oxo-tricyclo[4.2.1.0(2,5)]non-7-ene

Reaction:

Procedure: Part 1:

A solution of 2,5-norbornadiene 47 (25.0 mL, 0.246 mole) in CH₂Cl₂ (110mL, fresh bottle) was cooled in an ice/NaCl bath (−10° C.). To this wasadded drop-wise a solution of CSI (21.4 mL, 0.246 mole) in CH₂Cl₂ (45mL, fresh bottle) at a rate to maintain the temperature below 5° C. (theaddition took approx. 1.25 hr.). Upon completion of the addition, thereaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 0-5° C. and then removed fromthe cooling bath and allowed to warm to 20° C. The reaction mixture wasquenched with water (60 mL) and vigorously stirred for several minutes.The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, and dried withNa₂SO₄. Concentration gave light brown oil.

Part 2:

A mixture of Na₂SO₃ (24.5 g), water (70 mL), and CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) wascooled in an ice/NaCl bath. The oil from Part 1 was diluted to 100 mLwith CH₂Cl₂ and added dropwise to the above mixture at a rate tomaintain the temperature below 15° C. (the addition took approx. 1.75hr). The pH of the reaction mixture was monitored with a pH meter andkept basic (pH 7-10) by adjusting with 10% NaOH (w/v) (as needed). Uponcompletion of the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hourat 5-10° C. (final pH was 8.5). The reaction mixture was poured into aseparatory funnel and the CH₂Cl₂ layer separated. This organic phase wasa thick and gelatinous solid suspension. It was diluted with water(approx. 400 mL) to make a more free flowing solution. The aqueous layerwas further extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (4×100 mL). (Alternatively, the solidscan be separated from the CH₂Cl₂ by centrifugation. The solids can thenbe diluted with water (until almost all dissolved) and extracted withCH₂Cl₂). The aqueous layer was further extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10×100mL). The CH₂Cl₂ extracts were monitored by TLC for the presence ofproduct. The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, driedwith MgSO₄, and filtered through celite. Removal of solvent gave thedesired product, racemic-2-exo-3-endo3-aza-4-oxo-tricyclo[4.2.1.0(2,5)]non-7-ene 49 as white solid (20.5 g,62%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 8.01 (bs, 1H), 6.22 (dd, J=3.3 and 5.4 Hz,1H), 6.12 (dd, J=3.3 and 5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.88 (dd, J=1.5 and 3.3, 1H), 2.79(bs, 1H), 2.74 (bs, 1H), 1.58 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), and 1.47 (d, J=9.3 Hz,1H).

7.9 Preparation of4-Oxo-3-tert-butoxycarbonylaza-tricyclo[4.2.1.0(2,5)]non-7-ene

Reaction:

Procedure:

A homogeneous mixture of 3-aza-4-oxo-tricyclo[4.2.1.0(2,5)]non-7-ene(49; racemic-2-exo-3-exo; 10.0 g, 74 mmol), (BOC)₂O (16.1 g, 74 mmol)and DMAP (1.1 g) in CH₂Cl₂ was stirred under N₂ at room temperature for24 hours. To this reaction mixture were added EtOAc (100 mL) followed byH₂O (100 mL) and stirred for additional 1 hour. The organic layer wasseparated and washed with H₂O (2×100 mL). The organic layer was driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and solvent was removed under a reduced pressureto afford 4-oxo-3-tert-butoxycarbonylaza-tricyclo[4.2.1.0(2,5)]non-7-ene(51; racemic-2-exo-3-exo) (16.5 g, 70%); ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 6.29 (dd,J=3.3 and 5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J=3.3 and 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (d, J=4.5Hz, 1H), 3.13 (bs, 1H), 3.08-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.93 (bs, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H).LCMS: 95%.

7.10 Preparation of, and Isolation of, Stereoisomerically PureDiastereomers from (±) Racemic(2-exo-3-exo)-N4-(3-aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

A racemic mixture of the title compound was prepared from the2-exo-3-exo racemate of 2-aminobicylco[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-3-carboxamide asfollows.

Reaction:

Procedure:

A round bottom flask equipped with a rubber septum and a magneticstirring bar was charged with racemic N—BOC-β-lactam 51 (2.0 g) under apositive pressure of nitrogen. To this were added ethyl acetate (25 mL)followed by 30% ammonia in water (25 mL) and stirred at room temperaturefor 3 hours. The ethyl acetate layer was separated and washed with 5%aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andsolvent was evaporated to afford 1.10 gm of racemic N—BOC carboxyamide53.

Reaction:

Procedure:

A round bottom flask equipped with N₂ inlet and a magnetic stirring barwas charged with racemic N—BOC lactam 51 (2.00 g, 7.9 mmol) and thentreated with 20% of TFA in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature for 2 hours. Theresulting solution was concentrated under a reduced pressure. The traceof TFA was removed under high vacuum for several hours to afford theintermediate, TFA salt (55, racemic). The resulting racemic TFA salt 55was treated with 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine 10 (1.58 g, 9.51 mm) inMeOH:H₂O (20:10 mL) in the presence of NaHCO₃ (1.33 g, 15.84 mmol) atroom temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O(25 mL), saturated with NaCl and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). upondrying over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, the solvent was evaporated and the residuewas chromatographed (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂ then 2-4% 2N NH₃/MeOH in CH₂Cl₂)to afford 1.3 g of racemic mono-SNAr product 57.

Reaction:

Procedure:

A sealed tube charged with racemic mono-SNAr product 57 (1.1 g, 8 mmol),aniline 7 (0.90 g, 4.4 mmol), TFA (0.6 mL) and methanol (9 mL) wasstirred at 100° C. for 24 hours. The resulting viscous homogeneoussolution was concentrated and the residue was chromatographed (silicagel, CH₂Cl₂ then 2-5% 2N NH₃/MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford the expected2-exo-3-exo racemic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivative 60 (1.12 g; purity:95%):

Isolation of Enantiomers:

The diastereomers were resolved and isolated from racemate R1 by chiralpreparative HPLC chromatography Phenomenex Chirex 3020 250×10 mmcolumn), eluting with a 35:63:2 (vol:vol:vol) mixture ofhexane:dichloromethane:methanol at a flow rate of 6 mL/min. Theenantiomer eluting at 9.44 min. was designated the E1 enantiomer and theenantiomer eluting at 12.74 min. was designated the E2 enantiomer.

7.11 Enzymatic Preparation of Stereoisomerically Pure(1R,2R,3S,4S)—N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineUsing Chirazyme 7.11.1 Preparation of Stereochemically PureN—Boc-β-Lactam

Reaction

Procedure:

A dry sealed tube charged with4-oxo-3-tert-butoxycarbonylaza-tricyclo[4.2.1.0(2,5)]non-7-ene (51;racemic-2-exo-3-exo) (4.0 g, 17.02 mmol), resin bound/immobilizedchirazyme L-2, type B, c.f. (8.0 g, purchased from BioCatalytics Inc.,Pasadena, Calif.) and diisopropyl ether (80 mL) was gently shaken in anincubator at 60° C. for 60 hours. (The enzymatic resolution of racemicN—BOC β-lactam 51 was followed by proton NMR. The integration oftert-butyl group of enantiomerically pure N—BOC lactam 51a and N—BOCcarboxylic acid was seen in 1:1 ratio). The resulting reaction mixturewas filtered and the solid resin was washed with diisopropyl ether (2×40mL). The filtrate was concentrated to afford a mixture ofenantiomerically pure N—BOC-β-lactam 51a and N—BOC carboxylic acid(total mass: 4.0 gm).

Reaction:

Procedure:

A round bottom equipped with a rubber septum and a magnetic stirring barwas charged with a mixture of enantiomerically pure N—BOC-lactam 7a andN—BOC carboxylic acid (4.0 g) under a positive pressure of nitrogen. Tothis were added ethyl acetate (50 mL) followed by 25% ammonia in water(50 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reactionprogress was monitored by TLC. The ethyl acetate layer was separated andwashed with 5% aqueous solution of NaHCO₃ (40 mL), dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄ and solvent was evaporated to afford 2.00 gm of desiredenantiomerically pure N—BOC carboxy amide 53a keeping behind the N—BOCammonium carboxylate in aqueous solution.

7.11.2 Preparation of Stereoisomerically Pure Mono SNAr Product

Reaction:

Procedure:

A round bottom flask equipped with N₂ inlet and a magnetic stirring barwas charged with enantiomerically pure N—BOC carboxyamide 53a (2.00 g,7.9 mmol) and then treated with 20% of TFA in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperaturefor 2 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC. The resultingsolution was concentrated under a reduced pressure. The traces of TFAwere removed under high vacuum for several hours to afford theenantiomerically pure intermediate, TFA salt 55a. The resulting TFA salt55a was treated with 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine 10 (1.58 g, 9.51mmol) in MeOH:H₂O (20:10 mL) in the presence of NaHCO₃ (1.33 g, 15.84mmol) at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was dilutedwith H₂O (25 mL), saturated with NaCl and extracted with EtOAc (3×50mL). Upon drying over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ the solvent was evaporated andthe residue was chromatographed (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂ then 2-4% 2NNH₃/MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford 1.2 g (54%) of desired mono-SNAr product57a. The enantiomeric purity was greater than 99% as determined bychiral HPLC; [α]_(D) +61.10° (c 1.0, MeOH).

7.11.3 Preparation of Stereoisomerically Pure(1R,2R,3S,4S)—N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

Reaction:

Procedure:

A sealed tube charged with enantiomerically pure mono-SNAr product 57a(2.25 g, 8 mmol), aniline 7 (1.80 g, 8.8 mmol), TFA (1.12 mL) andmethanol (18 mL) was stirred at 100° C. for 24 hours. The resultingviscous but homogeneous solution was concentrated and the residue waschromatographed (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂ then 2-5% 2N NH₃/MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) toafford the expected 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivative 60a (2.28 g, 63%;purity: 95% AUC; enantiomeric purity: greater than 99% as determined bychiral HPLC. The chiral analytical data, ¹H NMR and LCMS analyses werefound to be identical with the enantiomer designated E1; [α]_(D) ^(RT)+44.4° (c 1.0, MeOH).

7.12 Enzymatic Preparation of Stereoisomerically Pure(1R,2R,3S,4S)—N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineUsing Novazyme 435 Enzyme 7.12.1 Preparation of Stereoisomerically PureD-Lactam

Reaction:

Procedure:

Immobilized Lipolase (8.0 g, from Sigma, order number L4777), β-lactam49 (racemic: 2-exo-3-exo) (4.0 g, 7.4 mmol) and water (0.13 ml, 7.4mmol) were added to 250 ml diisopropyl ether in a pressure flask. Themixture was degassed with nitrogen for 20 minutes and the flask wassealed and incubated for 14 days at 70° C. The mixture was cooled toroom temperature, filtered over celite and washed with 300 mldiisopropyl ether. The combined filtrate was concentrated to dryness andthe residue was crystallized from diisopropyl ether to give theenantiomerically pure β-lactam 49a as colorless needles (1.22 g, 61%).The enantiomeric purity was greater than 99% as determined by chiralHPLC.

7.12.2 Preparation of Stereoisomerically Pure2-N—Boc-amino-3-aminocarbonyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene

Reaction:

Procedure:

A homogeneous mixture of enantiomerically pure3-aza-4-oxo-tricyclo[4.2.1.0(2,5)]non-7-ene 49a (1.1 g, 8.2 mmol),(BOC)₂O (2.76 g, 12.3 mmol) and DMAP (100 mg) in CH₂Cl₂ was stirredunder N₂ at room temperature for 3 hours to give enantiomerically pureN—BOC lactam 51a, which was used further without isolation. To thisreaction mixture was added 20 ml of 25% aqueous ammonium hydroxide andstirring was continued for another 4 hours. Water was added and thereaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (2×50 ml). Thecombined organic phase was washed with aqueous HCl (5%), dried oversodium sulfate and reduced to dryness under reduced pressure to giveenantiomerically pure N—BOC carboxyamide 53a (2.51 g) as a white solid,which was used in the next step without further purification.

7.12.3 Preparation of Stereoisomerically Pure Mono SNAr Product(1R,2R,3S,4S)—N4-(3-Aminocobonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-aminopyridine

Reaction:

Procedure:

The enantiomerically pure N—BOC carboxyamide 53a (2.51 g) was dissolvedin 10 ml dichloromethane and treated with 10 ml TFA. The mixture wasstirred for 1 hour at room temperature and concentrated to dryness underreduced pressure. The residue was suspended in toluene and againconcentrated to dryness. The resulting solid was dissolved inmethanol:water (30 ml:3 ml) and treated with 1.5 g sodium bicarbonate.The 5-fluoro-2,4-dichloropyrimidine (3 g, 17.9 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred for 2 days at room temperature. The volatiles wereremoved under vacuum and the residue was suspended in brine. Theprecipitate was filtered, dried and subjected to column chromatography(silica gel, dichloromethane-methanol, 20:1) to give the desiredenantiomerically pure mono-SNAr product 57a as a white solid (1.7 g,74%).

7.12.4 Preparation of Stereoisomerically Pure(1R,2R,3S,4S)—N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

Reaction:

Procedure:

A homogeneous mixture of aniline 7 (400 mg, 1.95 mmol), enantiomericallypure mono-SNAr product 57a (400 mg, 1.41 mmol) and 0.2 ml TFA in 4 mlisopropanol in a sealed tube was stirred at 100° C. for 20 hours. Themixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 2 ml diethyletherand the resulting precipitate was filtered and washed with diethylether.The remaining solids were dissolved in water and treated with aqueous25% ammonium hydroxide solution. The resulting precipitate was filtered,washed with water and dried to give 527 mg (83%) of desired product,2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivative 60a as an off-white solid. Purity wasdetermined by LCMS to be greater than 97% and the enantiomeric puritywas determined by chiral HPLC to be greater than 99%. The chiralanalytical data, ¹H NMR and LCMS analyses were identical with theenantiomer that was designated E1.

7.13 Preparation of Stereoisomerically Pure Compounds Using(R)-Methyl-p-Methoxybenzylamine as a Chiral Auxiliary 7.13.1 Preparationof 2-Exo-3-Exo Racemic Amines

Reaction:

Procedure:

A homogeneous mixture of4-oxo-3-tert-butoxycarbonylaza-tricyclo[4.2.1.0(2,5)]non-7-ene (51;racemic-2-exo-3-exo) (9.2 g, 40 mmol) and(R)-methyl-4-methoxylbenzylamine 13 (18, 24 g, 48 mmol) in dry THF (75mL) was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixturewas concentrated, suspended in hexanes (5 mL), sonicated and the solidwas separated by filtration to give mixture of diastereoisomers 61a and61b (12 mg). Alternatively, the purification can be done using columnchromatography (silica gel, hexanes then 5%, 10%, 20% and 50% EtOAc inhexanes).

7.13.2 Preparation of 2-Exo-3-Exo Racemic Mono SNAr Products Followed bySeparation of Isomerically Pure Compounds by Crystallization

Reaction:

Procedure:

A heterogeneous mixture of diastereoisomers 61a and 61b (6.0 g g, 17mmol), TFA (20 mL) in CH₂Cl₂ was stirred at room temperature for 2hours. TLC was used to monitor the progress of the reaction. Theresulting reaction was concentrated to dryness and dried under a highvacuum for several hours to afford a diastereoisomeric mixture ofintermediates 63a and 63b. This mixture was then reacted with2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine 10 (3.4 g, 20 mmol) in the presence ofNaHCO₃ (5.7 g, 68 mmol) in MeOH:H₂O (50 mL, each) at room temperaturefor 24 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with NaCl-saturatedwater (50 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The extract upon drying overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ followed by removal of solvent under reduced pressuregave a residue, which was chromatographed (silica gel, CH₂Cl₂ then 2% 2NNH₃/MeOH in CH₂Cl₂). The chromatographic purification gave a mixturediastereoisomers 65a and 65b (4.0 g) (1:1 ratio can be seen with a clearseparation on reverse phase LCMS). The resulting 4.0 grams uponcrystallization using EtOAc:hexanes (30:150 mL; v/v) affordedcrystalline material of intermediate 65a, which was confirmed by X-raycrystal structure; chemical purity: 96% and % de: 96%. [α]_(D) −36.7°(c, 0.18 MeOH). The mother liquor containing the other isomer had poor %de (70-80%), which is assumed to be diastereoisomer 65b.

7.13.3 Preparation of Stereoisomerically Pure Product Including theChiral Auxiliary

Reaction:

Procedure:

A mixture of diastereoisomer 65a (1.42 g, 3.4 mmol), aniline 7 (0.834 g,4.0 mmol) and TFA (700 mg) in MeOH (10 mL) was heated in a sealed tubeat 100° C. for 24 hours. The resulting residue was chromatographed(silica gel, CH₂Cl₂ then 2% 2N NH₃/MeOH in CH₂Cl₂) to afford product 67aas colorless solid, chemical purity: 96%.

7.13.4 Cleavage of the Chiral Auxiliary

The cleavage of chiral auxiliary from 17a was found to be difficult,therefore the cleavage of chiral auxiliary from intermediate compounds16a and 16b followed by the second SNAr reaction with aniline 4 wascarried as follows.

7.13.5 Cleavage of the Chiral Auxiliary From Stereoisomerically PureIntermediate 65a and Preparation of Stereoisomerically Pure(1R,2R,3S,4S)—N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

Reaction

Procedure:

The mono-SNAr product with chiral auxiliary 65a was allowed to reactwith DDQ (3 equivalents) in CH₂Cl₂:H₂O at room temperature to obtain thedesired mono-SNAr product 11a. The mono-SNAr product was purified bycolumn chromatography and found to be same as compound 11a obtained viaenzymatic route, which was confirmed by chiral analytical HPLC, LCMS and¹H NMR. Further, the reaction of mono-SNAr product 11a with aniline 7 inMeOH:TFA at 100° C. in a sealed tube for 24 h gave the desired product60a. It was purified by column chromatography and analyzed by ¹H NMR,LCMS and chiral analytical HPLC. The chiral analytical HPLC, LCMS and ¹HNMR analyses indicated that the data for the product 60a was matchingwith the enantiomer designated E1.

7.13.6 Cleavage of the Chiral Auxiliary From Intermediate 65b andPreparation of Stereoisomerically Pure(1S,2R3S,4R)—N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine

Reaction:

Procedure:

The mono-SNAr product 65b was allowed to react with DDQ (3 equivalents)in CH₂Cl₂:H₂O at room temperature to obtain the desired mono-SNArproduct 11b (after the cleavage of chiral auxiliary). The mono-SNArproduct was purified by column chromatography and found to be adifferent diastereoisomer than that was obtained via enzymatic route,and this was confirmed by chiral analytical HPLC. Further, the reactionof mono-SNAr product 11b with aniline 7 in MeOH:TFA at 100° C. in asealed tube for 24 h gave the desired product 60b. It was purified bycolumn chromatography and analyzed by ¹HNMR, LCMS and chiral analyticalHPLC. The chiral analytical HPLC, LCMS and ¹H NMR analyses indicatedthat the data for product 60b was identical with the enantiomer designedE2. [α]_(D) −85.9° (c, 1.17 MeOH).

7.14 Preparation of HCl Salts

HCl salts of the 2-exo-3-exo racemate R1 Compound 60 andstereoisomerically pure enantiomer E1 Compound 60a were prepared by asdescribed below. These HCl salts were designated racemate R3 (Compound228) and enantiomer E3 (Compound 234), respectively.

7.14.1 Preparation of RacemicN4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineHydrogen Chloride Salt

To a solution of 2-exo-3-exo racemicN4-(3-aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine(racemate R1; compound 60) (0.140 g, 0.3 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) at 0° C.was added HCl (4M, dioxane, 0.170 mL, 0.681 mmol) dropwise and thenstirred at ° C. for 1 h and room temperature for 15 minutes. The clearhomogeneous solution was filtered, concentrated and redissolve in EtOH.The ethanolic solution upon precipitation with anti-solvent (EtOAC) gavethe precipitate, which was isolated to give 2-exo-3-exo racemicN4-(3-aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediaminebis hydrogen chloride salt (racemate R2; Compound 185). LCMS: purity:98%; MS (m/e): 453 (MH⁺).

7.14.2 Preparation of Stereoisomerically pure(1R,2R,3S,4S)—N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineHydrogen Chloride Salt

In like manner to the preparation of racemate R1 (Compound 60), supra,the interaction of 2 equivalents of HCl (4M, dioxane) withstereoisomerically pure(1R,2R,3S,4S)—N4-(3-aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine(enantiomer E1; Compound 60a) gave stereoisomerically pure(1R,2R,3S,4S)—N4-(3-aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineHydrogen Chloride Salt (enantiomer E3) (Compound 234). LCMS: purity:97%; MS (m/e): 453 (MH⁺); [α]_(D) +46.3° (c, 0.04 MeOH).

7.15 Preparation of Other Compounds

Various other compounds according to structural formula (I) wereprepared by routine adaptation of the above-described syntheses and/orScheme (I). These compounds, along with their chromatographic, NMRand/or spectral data, are provided in TABLE 1, below. Compounds forwhich no physical characterization data are provided were notsynthesized or purified as single diastereomers.

7.16 Inhibition of Cellular Proliferation In Vitro

Many of the various compounds described herein were tested against A549and H1299 cells for their ability to inhibit proliferation usingstandard in vitro antiproliferation assays. The IC₅₀ values measured ina 6 point assay are provided in TABLE 1. In TABLE 1, a “+” indicates anIC₅₀ value of ≦10 μM, a “++” indicates an IC₅₀ value of ≦1 μM, “+++”indicates an IC₅₀ value of ≦100 nM, and a “−” indicates an IC₅₀ valueof >10 μM. A blank indicates that the compound was not tested againstthe specific cell line.

TABLE 1 Compound No. Structure Name NMR and LCMS A549, 6 pt H1299, 6 pt100

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-5-fluoro-N4-[3- methylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[1-methylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydroindol-5-yl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 101

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-N-cyclopropyl- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 102

Racemic-cis-N4-(2- aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-methyl-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)carbonylmethyleneoxyphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 487 (MH+) + + 103

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-methyl-3-(N- morpholinyl)carbonylmethyleneoxy-phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 91%; MS (m/s): 498 (MH+) +++++ 104

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-methyl-3-(N- morpholinyl)-2-ethyleneoxyphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 484 (MH+) +++ +++ 105

Racemic-cis-N4-(2- aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(2-methoxycarbonylbenzofuran-5-yl)- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS:purity: 94%; MS (m/e): 414 (MH+) + + 106

Racemic-cis-N4-(2- aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-methyl-3-(N- methylamino)carbonylmethyleneoxy-phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 418 (MH+) + +107

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-amino- carbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl3):δ 7.63 (d, 1H, J = 3.9 Hz), 6.85 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.16 (d, 1H, J =2.7 Hz), 6.54 (dd, J = 2.7 and 8.4 Hz), 4.63 (m, 1H), 3.76 (m, 4H), 3.00(m, 1H), 2.83 (m, 4H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.06-1.86 (m, 5H), 1.65 (m, 1H);LCMS: purity: 96%; MS (m/e): 415 (MH+) + + 108

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)]-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 438 (MH+)− + 109

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-5-Fluoro-N4-(3-(R)- alpha-methylbenzylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.55 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.78 (d, 1H, J= 0.9 Hz), 7.50 (d, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1H, J = 2.4 and 8.7 Hz),7.15 (m, 5H), 6.89 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.80 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.34(m, 1H), 6.27 (m, 1H), 4.94 (m, 1H), 4.23 (t, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 2.88 (s,1H), 2.75 (m, 5H), 2.62 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.44 (m, 5H), 2.21 (s, 3H),2.19 (s, 3H), 1.43 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 1.34 (d, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz); LCMS:purity: 93%; MS (m/e): 556 (M+) ++ ++ 110

(1S,2S,3R,4R)-N4-5-Fluoro-N4-(3- (R)-alpha-methylbenzyl-aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5- en-2-yl)-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.85(s, 1H), 8.35 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.50 (d,1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.43 (dd, 1H, J = 2.4 and 8.4 Hz), 7.31- 7.19 (m, 5H),6.90 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 6.32 (m, 1H), 6.26 (m, 1H), 4.86 (t, 1H, J =7.2 Hz), 4.16 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.75 (m, 5H), 2.61 (d, 1H, J = 7.5Hz), 2.46 (m, 5H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.14 (d, 1H, J = 10.5Hz), 1.34 (d, 1H, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.14 (d, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz); LCMS: purity:95%; MS (m/e): 556 (M+), 557 (MH+) ++ ++ 111

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)]-5-fluoro-N2-{3-methyl-4-[4-(2- hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl}-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, 1H, J =3.3 Hz), 7.68 (bs, 1H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.19 (s,1H), 6.89 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 6.32 (m, 1H), 6.25 (m, 1H), 4.38 (t, 1H,J = 5.4 Hz), 4.11 (bt, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.52 (q, 2H, J = 5.7 Hz), 2.86(bs, 1H), 2.76 (m, 5H), 2.53 (m, 4H), 2.43 (t, 2H, J = 6.6 Hz), 2.19 (s,3H), 2.12 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 1.40 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz); LCMS: purity:93%; MS (m/e): 483 (MH+) +++ +++ 112

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{4-methyl-3-[4-(2- hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]carbonylmethyleneoxyphenyl}-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 98%;MS (m/e): 541 (MH+) 113

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[(4-methyl-3-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonylmethyleneoxyphenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6):δ 8.89 (s, 1H), 7.8 (d, 1H, J = 3.9 Hz), 7.66 (1H, bs), 7.37 (d, 1H, J =9.0 Hz), 7.16 (bs, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 6.9 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.29 (m,2H), 4.69 (s, 2H), 4.07 (m, 2H), 3.58 (bs, 2H), 3.46 (bs, 2H), 2.85 (bs,1H), 2.77 (s, 1H), 2.5 (s, 3H), 1.40 (m, 1H); LCMS: purity: 88%; MS(m/e): 510 (MH+); 114

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-methyl-3-[(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl-ethyloxy)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 97%; MS (m/e): 496 (MH+) 115

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-methyl-3-(2- morpholinoethyloxy)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.90 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H, J = 3.6Hz), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.2 (s, 1H), 7.16 (s, 1H),6.93 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.2 (m, 2H), 4.12 (t, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 3.99(t, 2H, J = 5.7 Hz), 3.56 (t, 4H, J = 4.8 Hz), 3.28 (m, 4H), 2.85 (s,1H), 2.76 (s, 1H), 2.70 (t, 2H, J = 5.4), 2.12 (d, 1H, J = 11.7 Hz),2.05 (s, 3H), 1.39 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz); LCMS: purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 484(MH+) +++ +++ 116

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{4-[4-(2- hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-3-methylphenyl}-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.85 (s, 1H),7.82 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.67 (bs, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H, J =7.8 Hz), 7.184 (bs, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 6.3 (m, 2H), 4.38 (t,2H, J = 5.7 Hz), 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.49 (m, 2H), 3.2 (m, 4H), 3.1 (m, 4H),2.85 (bs, 1H), 2.76 (bs, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.10 (d, 1H, J = 5.92 Hz),1.38 (d, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz); LCMS: purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 482 (MH+) +++ +++117

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine Succinic Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.87 (s, 1H),7.84 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz) 7.68 (bs, 1H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.36 (bd, 1H, J =7.3 Hz), 7.19 (bs, 1H), 6.89 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.32 (m, 1H), 6.25 (m,1H), 4.12 (t, 1H), 2.85 (bs, 1H), 2.80 (m, 4H), 2.5 (m, 6H), 2.40 (s,4H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.11 (d, 1H), 1.40 (d, 1H)″ LCMS: purity: 99%; MS(m/e): 452 (MH+) 118

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine Succinic Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-6): δ 8.85 (s, H),7.83 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.67 (bs, 1H), 7.46 (m, 3H), 7.36 (bd, 1H, J =7.5 Hz), 7.18 (bs, 1H), 6.89 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.33 (m, 1H), 6.25 (m,1H), 4.15 (t, 1H), 2.85 (bs, 1H), 2.81 (m, 4H), 2.52 (m, 6H), 2.3 (s,2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.15 (d, 1H), 1.40 (d, 1H); LCMS:purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) 119

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine Fumaric Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.86 (s, 1H),7.84 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.67 (bs, 1H), 7.45 (m, 3H), 7.37 (bd, 1H, J =7.8 Hz), 7.18 (bs, 1H), 6.89 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.56 (s, >2H), 6.32(m, 1H), 6.25 (m, 1H), 4.18 (t, 1H), 2.82 (s, 1H), 2.80 (m, 5H), 2.48(m, 5H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.15 (d, 1H), 1.40 (d, 1H); LCMS:purity: 96%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) 120

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine Benzoic Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.85 (s, 1H),8.76 (m, 2H), 8.83 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.65 (bs, 1H), 7.45 (m, 5H),7.35 (bd, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.18 (bs, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.35(m, 1H), 6.25 (m, 1H), 4.11 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.86 (s, 1H), 2.77 (m,4H), 2.49 (m, 6H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.12 (d, 1H), J = 9 Hz),1.40 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz); LCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) 121

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine Adipic Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.84 (s, 1H),7.83 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.35 (d, 1H, J =7.5 Hz), 7.18 (bs, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.33 (m, 2H), 6.25 (m,1H), 4.15 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.86 (s, 1H), 2.78 (m, 4H), 2.45 (m, 6H),2.20 (m, 10H), 2.12 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz), 1.48 (m, 4H), 1.40 (d, 1H, J = 9Hz) LCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) +++ +++ 122

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine Tartaric Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.89 (s, 1H),7.84 (d, 1H), J = 3.3 Hz), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H, J =7.2 Hz), 7.17 (s, 1H), 6.90 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.32 (m, 1H), 6.25 (m,1H), 4.14 (m, 3H), 2.86 (m, 5H), 2.78 (m, 5H), 2.53 (s, 1H), 2.46 (s,3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.12 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 1.40 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz)LCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) +++ +++ 123

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{4-[N-cyclopropyl-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)]-3-methylphenyl}- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS:purity: 92%; MS (m/e): 506 (MH+); +++ +++ 124

(1S,2S,3R,4R)-5-Fluoro-N4-(3-(R)-4- methoxy-alpha-methylbenzylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.45 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.78 (d, 1H, J= 3.0 Hz), 7.52 (d, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.44 (dd, 2H, J = 2.7 and 6.9 Hz),7.04 (bdd, 2H, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.90 (bdd, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.83 (d, 1H, J =8.4 Hz), 6.69 (bdd, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.33 (m, 1H), 6.26 (m, 1H), 4.89(m, 1H, J = 4.2 Hz), 4.21 (t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.65 (s, 3H) 2.88-2.74(m, 7H), 2.57 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.43 (m, 4H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.43 (d,1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 1.31 (d, 3H, J = 6.9 Hz); LCMS: purity: 94%; MS (m/e):587 (MH+) ++ ++ 125

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonylmethyleneoxy)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity:97%; MS (m/e): 497 (MH+); +++ +++ 126

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-[3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-5-fluoro-N2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity:97%; MS (m/e): 356 (MH+) 127

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-[3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-N2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-fluoro- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS:purity: 97%; MS (m/e): 400 (MH+) 128

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-[3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-5-fluoro-N2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS:purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 430 (MH+) 129

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-[3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-N2-(N-methylamino- carbonyl)methyleneoxyphenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 427 (MH+) 130

Racemic-cis-N4-(2- aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1- ylcarbonyl)benzofuran-5-yl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 97%; MS (m/e): 483 (MH+) + + 131

Racemic-cis-N4-(2- aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1- ylmethylene)benzofuran-5-yl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 96%; MS (m/e): 469 (MH+) + + 132

Racemic-cis-N4-(2- aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[2-(methoxycarbonylmethylene)- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquin-7-yl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.92 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 3.0 Hz,1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 2H), 6.98-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.92 (d, J =8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.65-3.58 (m, 5H), 3.39 (s, 2H), 2.91 (q, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.80-2.69 (m, 4H),2.00-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.62-1.49 (m, 1H); LCMS: purity: 94%; MS (m/e): 443(MH+). ++ ++ 133

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-(4-aminosulfonyl-3- methoxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 9.47 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 3.3 Hz,1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.42 (m, 4H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 2H),6.36-6.31 (m, 1H), 6.26-6.21 (m, 1H), 4.17 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s,3H), 2.87 (s, 1H), 2.78 (s, 1H), 2.54-2.47 (m, 1H), 2.16 (d, J = 8.74Hz, 1H), 1.41 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H),; LCMS: purity: 94%; MS (m/e): 449(MH+). + + 134

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{1-[2-(4-methyl- piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]indol-5-yl}-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.82 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 0.90Hz, 1H), 7.83 (dd, J = 1.0 and 3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.24 (m,3H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.36- 6.22 (m, 3H), 5.73 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.19(t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 4.11 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (s, 1H), 2.82 (s,1H), 2.61 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.52 (s, 1H), 2.47-2.38 (m, 4H), 2.0-2.21(m, 4H), 1.40 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H); LCMS: purity: 95%; MS (m/e): 505(MH+) ++ ++ 135

Racemic (2-exo,3-exo)-5-Fluoro-N4-[3- (1R,2S,5R)-(−)-menthyloxycarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-N2-[3- methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 95%; MS (m/e): 592(MH+) + + 136

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-((±)-1-methylpiperidin-3-yloxy)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.94 (s, 1H),7.89 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.69-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.47 (d, J =7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 6.92-6.83 (m, 2H), 6.42-6.32 (m, 2H), 4.13(t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (dd, J = 5.1 and 9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (dd, J =6.0 and 9.3 Hz, 1H), 3.04- 2.97 (m, 1H), 2.92 (s, 1H), 2.85 (s, 1H),2.41 (s, 2H), 2.27-2.15 (m, 3H), 2.07-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.60 (m, 3H),1.46 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); LCMS: purity: 96%; MS (m/e): 453 (MH⁺). ++++++ 137

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): δ 8.99 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.61(d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.06 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.36-6.27 (m, 2H), 4.07 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.88-2.79(m, 4H), 2.42- 2.30 (m, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.10 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H),1.97-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.73- 1.54 (m, 4H), 1.40 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); LCMS:purity: 94%; MS (m/e): 437 (MH⁺). +++ +++ 138

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamineHydrochloric Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.05 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H),7.87 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 8.7Hz, 2H), 6.37-6.32 (m, 1H), 6.25- 6.21 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.03 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 2.00-1.89 (m, 5H), 1.41 (d, J =8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.08-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.72 (m, 4H) ++++++ 139

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineTrifluoroacetic Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 7.89 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H),7.71 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H),6.36-6.31 (m, 1H), 6.27-6.23 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.44 (m,5H), 3.22-3.09 (m, 4H), 2.94-2.77 (m, 6H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.11 (d, J =8.1 Hz, 1H), 1.41 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H). +++ +++ 140

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineMethanesulfonic Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 7.89 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H),7.71 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H),6.36-6.31 (m, 1H), 6.27-6.23 (m, 1H), 4.07 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.53-3.30 (m, 5H), 3.24-3.08 (m, 4H), 2.96- 2.79 (m, 7H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.23(s, 3H), 2.10 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 1.41 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H). +++ +++ 141

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineNitric Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H),7.45-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.01 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.36- 6.31(m, 1H), 6.23-6.18 (m, 1H), 4.06- 3.98 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.30 (m, 5H), 3.22-3.12 (m, 4H), 2.98-2.83 (m, 7H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.06 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H),1.41 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) +++ +++ 142

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineSulfuric Acid Salt 1H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.80 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.40(m, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 2.1 and 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H),6.38-6.34 (m, 1H), 6.24-6.21 (m, 1H), 4.15 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.62-3.58 (m, 3H), 3.27-3.10 (m, 5H), 3.01- 2.93 (m, 4H), 2.88 (s, 1H), 2.61(d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.15 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.52 (d, J= 9.6 Hz, 1H). +++ +++ 143

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine(S)- Mandelic Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, J =3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.16 (m, 8H), 6.89(d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.36-6.31 (m, 1H), 6.28-6.24 (m, 1H), 4.92 (s, 1H),4.11 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.86-2.78 (m, 6H), 2.63-2.53 (m, 3H), 2.32 (s,3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.12 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 1.40 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H).+++ +++ 144

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 7.89 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H),7.72 (s, 1H), 7.49 (s, 2H), 7.45 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.08(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.36-6.31 (m, 1H),6.28-6.23 (m, 1H), 4.08 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.53- 3.44 (m, 3H),3.23-3.10 (m, 4H), 2.96- 2.76 (m, 7H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.11(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.98 (s, 1H), 1.41 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H). +++ +++ 145

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine Mono-Hydrochloric Acid Salt 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 10.30 (s, 1H), 9.54 (s, 1H),7.97 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41(s, 1H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.82 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.36-6.32 (m, 1H),6.24-6.20 (m, 1H), 4.11 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.51-3.40 (m, 3H),3.12-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.72 (m, 4H), 2.57 (d, J =8.1 Hz, 1H), 2.11 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 1.99-1.88 (m, 4H), 1.40 (d, J =9.3 Hz, 1H). +++ +++ 146

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yloxy)- phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(CDCl₃): δ 7.61 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (s,1H), 6.76 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.46 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.23-6.15 (m,2H), 5.81 (s, 1H), 5.72 (s, 1H), 4.24-4.08 (m, 2H), 2.94 (s, 1H), 2.80(s, 1H), 2.68-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.37 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 2.25-2.10 (m, 6H),1.96-1.86 (m, 3H), 1.82-1.69 (m, 3H), 1.53 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H); LCMS:purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 454 (MH⁺). +++ +++ 147

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(1-methylpiperidin- 3(±)-yloxy)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 95%; MS (m/e): 468 (MH⁺). +++ +++ 148

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-(3-chloro-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-5- fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): δ 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 3.6Hz, 1H), 7.76-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.61 (dd, J = 2.7 and 9.3Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J = 1.2 and 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 6.36-6.28 (m,2H), 4.09 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (s, 1H), 2.80 (s, 1H), 2.53 (d, J =8.1 Hz, 1H), 2.12 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 1.41 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H); LCMS:purity: 94%; MS (m/e): 459 (MH⁺). + + 149

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yloxy)- phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(CDCl₃): δ 7.73 (dd, J = 1.2 and 3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.45 (m, 1H),7.25-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.15 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J = 1.2 and 7.8Hz, 1H), 6.64-6.55 (m, 1H), 6.51 (dd, J =2.4 and 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.42-6.37(m, 1H), 6.28-6.24 (m, 1H), 5.91-5.68 (m, 2H), 4.37-4.26 (m, 2H), 3.04(bs, 1H), 2.91 (bs, 1H), 2.79-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.52 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H),2.39-2.27 (m, 5H), 2.24 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 2.09-1.97 (m, 2H),1.94-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.62 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H); LCMS: purity: 98%; MS(m/e): 454 (MH⁺). +++ +++ 150

(1R,2R,3S,3S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(1-methylpiperidin-4- yloxy)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.79 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (s,1H), 7.44 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J = 2.7 and 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.34(d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.34-6.30(m, 1H), 6.27-6.22 (m, 1H), 4.27-4.18 (m, 1H), 4.10 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H),2.85 (s, 1H), 2.77 (s, 1H), 2.60-2.49 (m, 3H), 2.23-2.09 (m, 3H), 2.16(s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.40 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 1H); LCMS: purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 468 (MH⁺). +++ +++ 151

(1R,2R,3S,3S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yloxy)-3- trifluoromethylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.93 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J= 3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.48- 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.35 (dd, J = 2.7 and 9.0 Hz, 1H),6.82 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.22-6.14 (m, 2H),5.95 (s, 1H), 5.69 (s, 1H), 4.38-4.29 (m, 1H), 4.25 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H),2.95 (s, 1H), 2.75 (s, 1H), 2.62-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.40 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H),2.35- 2.22 (m, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.14 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 1.97-1.78(m, 4H), 1.53 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H); LCMS: purity: 97%; MS (m/e): 521(MH⁺). +++ +++ 152

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[3-chloro-4-(1-methylpiperidin-4- yloxy)phenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.84 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J= 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J = 2.7 and 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.81 (d,J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.34-6.29 (m, 1H), 6.23-6.17(m, 1H), 5.56 (s, 1H), 5.47 (s, 1H), 4.25 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.14 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s, 1H), 2.81 (s, 1H), 2.73-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.43 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 2.33-2.22 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.16 (d, J = 9.0 Hz,1H), 2.00- 1.81 (m, 5H), 1.55 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H),; LCMS: purity: 98%;MS (m/e): 488 (MH⁺). +++ +++ 153

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl- eneoxy)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.69 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.25(m, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 8.4 Hz,1H), 6.29-6.24 (m, 2H), 5.72 (s, 1H), 5.67 (s, 1H), 4.32 (t, J = 7.5 Hz,1H), 3.78 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.06-2.85 (m, 5H), 2.46 (d, J = 7.8 Hz,1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.04 (t, J = 11.7 Hz, 2H), 1.91-1.72(m, 3H), 1.61 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.52 (dt, J = 3.6 and 12.3 Hz, 2H);LCMS: purity: 97%; MS (m/e): 481 (MH⁺) +++ +++ 154

(1R,2S,3R,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) ++ ++ 155

(1S,2R,3S,4R)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) + + 156

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-N2-(2,3-dihydroindol-6-yl)-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.72 (d, 1H, J =3.3 Hz), 7.03 (d, 1H, J = 1.8 Hz), 6.96 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.87 (s,1H), 6.75 (dd, 1H, J = 1.8 and 7.6 Hz), 5.71 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.52(s, 1H), 5.36 (s, 1H), 4.56 (m, 1H), 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.55 (t, 2H, J = 8.7Hz), 2.98 (q, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 2.01 (m, 4H); LCMS: purity: 89%; MS(m/e): 357 (MH+) + + 157

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-N2-(2,3-dihydroindol-5-yl)-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.71 (d, 1H, J =3.3 Hz), 7.01 (d, 1H, J = 1.8 Hz), 6.98 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.87 (s,1H), 6.75 (dd, 1H, J = 1.8 and 7.6 Hz), 5.71 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.52(s, 1H), 5.36 (s, 1H), 4.56 (m, 1H), 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.55 (t, 2H, J = 8.7Hz), 2.98 (q, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 2.01 (m, 4H); LCMS: purity: 90%; MS(m/e): 357 (MH+) + + 158

Racemic-cis-N4-[2-(N-cyclopropylmethyl)aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl]-5-fluoro- N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.46 (s, 1H), 7.68(d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.33-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J =8.4 Hz), 5.83 (d, 1H, J = 6.9 Hz), 5.59 (s, 1H), 4.54 (q, 1H, J = 6.9Hz), 3.05-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.96 (t, 2H, J = 4.8 Hz), 2.78 (bs, 3H), 2.47(s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 4H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.64(m, 1H), 0.73 (m, 1H), 0.39 (m, 2H), 0.06 (m, 2H); LCMS: purity: 94%; MS(m/e): 482 (MH+) ++ + 159

Racemic-cis-N4-[2-(N-cyclopropyl) aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl]-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3- methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1HNMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1H, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.59 (bs, 1H),7.38 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz), 5.98 (d, 1H, J = 6.9 Hz), 5.70(s, 1H), 4.53 (q, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 3.03 (t, 3H, J = 4.5 Hz), 2.92-2.79(m, 4H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.09 (m, 3H), 1.94(m, 3H), 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.26 (m, 1H), 0.68 (m, 2H), 0.27 (m, 2H); LCMS:purity: 97%; MS (m/e): 468 (MH+) ++ ++ 160

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-2,3- dihydroindol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.46 (s, 1H), 7.99 (bs, 1H), 7.61(d, 1H, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.28 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.45 (d,1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.27 (s, 2H), 5.81 (s, 1H), 5.45 (s, 1H), 4.26 (t, 1H,J = 8.1 Hz), 3.32 (m, 4H), 3.03 (s, 1H), 2.94 (t, 2H, J = 7.8 Hz), 2.86(t, 2H, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.56 (s, 6H), 2.47 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.19 (d,1H, J = 9 Hz), 1.62 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz); LCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 452(MH+) ++ +++ 161

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(1-methylindol-5-yl)- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(CDCl₃): δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.51 (m, 1H), 7.23(d, 2H, J = 4.8 Hz), 7.01 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz), 6.38 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz),6.30 (m, 2H), 5.54 (s, 1H), 5.28 (s, 1H), 4.33 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H),3.04 (s, 1H), 2.90 (s, 1H), 2.46 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 2.21 (d, 1H, J =9.3 Hz); LCMS: purity: 90%; MS (m/e): 393 (MH+) ++ ++ 162

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-5-fluoro-N4-[2- (N-isopropyl)aminocarbonylbicyclo-[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ7.70 (d, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.33 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.97(d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.27 (bs, 2H), 6.12 (d, 1H, J = 7.5Hz), 5.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 4.30 (t, 1H, J = 9 Hz), 3.95 (m, 1H),2.90 (m, 6H), 2.57 (bs, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.28 (t, 5H, J = 7.8 Hz),1.62 (d, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz), 1.03 (d, 3H, J = 6.3 Hz), 0.87 (d, 3H, J = 6.3Hz); LCMS: purity: 94%; MS (m/e): 494 (MH+) +++ +++ 163

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)indol-6-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.75(d, 1H, J = 3 Hz), 7.47 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.07 (dd, 1H, J = 1.8 and8.2 Hz), 7.04 (d, 1H, J = 3 Hz), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.41 (d, 1H, J = 3.4 Hz),6.26 (m, 2H), 6.06 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.81 (s, 1H), 5.38 (s, 1H), 4.42(t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 4.15 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 3.03 (s, 1H), 2.83 (s,1H), 2.68 (m, 2H), 2.50 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 1.63 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz);LCMS: purity: 92%; MS (m/e): 450 (MH+) ++ ++ 164

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3-(N- cyclopropyl)aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃):δ 7.72 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.34 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 6.68(s, 1H), 6.26 (m, 2H), 6.11 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.66 (s, 1H), 4.29 (t,1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.90 (m, 6H), 2.57 (m, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H),2.25 (m, 2H), 1.62 (d, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz), 1.25 (m, 1H), 0.66 (m, 2H), 0.24(m, 2H); LCMS: purity: 90%; MS (m/e): 492 (MH+) +++ +++ 165

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3-(N- cyclobutyl)aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃,300 MHz): δ 7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3 Hz), 7.34 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J = 7.8Hz), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.27 (m, 2H), 6.01 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.67 (d, 1H,J = 7.8 Hz), 4.28 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 6H), 2.58 (s, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H),2.29 (s, 3H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m, 7H); LCMS: purity: 97%; MS (m/e):506 (MH+) +++ +++ 166

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3-(N- methyl)aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃):δ 7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.36 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.32 (s, 1H), 6.97(d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.44 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.27 (m,2H), 5.56 (s, 1H), 4.29 (t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.90 (m, 6H), 2.71 (d, 3H,J = 4.8 Hz), 2.57 (s, 4H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.61 (d, 1H, J =9.0 Hz), 0.96 (d, 1H, J = 6.3 Hz), 0.88 (m, 1H); LCMS: purity: 92%; MS(m/e): 466 (MH+) +++ +++ 167

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3-(N- ethyl)aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃):δ 7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.34 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz), 6.67(s, 1H), 6.27 (m, 3H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.28 (m, 3H), 5.53 (s, 1H), 4.31(t, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz), 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 5H), 2.57 (s, 4H), 2.38 (s,3H), 2.31 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 0.97 (t, 3H, J = 5.1 Hz);LCMS: purity: 96%; MS (m/e): 480 (MH⁺) +++ +++ 168

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-5-fluoro-N2- [4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-methyl-phenyl]-N4-[3-(N-n-propyl)amino- carbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz),7.36 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.44 (d, 1H, J =8.1 Hz), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.28 (m, 3H), 5.56 (t, 1H, J = 6.5 Hz), 4.31 (t,1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 3.11 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 5H), 2.58 (s, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H),2.33 (m, 1H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.37 (m, 3H), 0.82 (t, 3H, J =7.8 Hz); LCMS: purity: 92%; MS (m/e): 494 (MH+) +++ +++ 169

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- cyclopropylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[1-(2-dimethyl aminoethyl)indol-6-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.75 (m, 2H), 7.48 (d, 1H, J = 8.4Hz), 7.06 (m, 2H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.41 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 6.25 (m, 2H),5.90 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz), 5.81 (s, 1H), 4.25 (t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 4.15 (t,2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.99 (s, 1H), 2.83 (s, 1H), 2.67 (m, 2H), 2.54 (m, 1H),2.35 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 2.28 (s, 6H), 1.64 (m, 1H), 0.96 (d, 1H, J =6.3 Hz), 0.63 (m, 2H), 0.19 (m, 2H); LCMS: purity: 97%; MS (m/e): 490(MH+) +++ ++ 170

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- cyclopropylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[1-(2-dimethyl aminoethyl)-2,3-dihydroindol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.69 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz),7.26 (s, 1H), 7.11 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 6.57 (s, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H, J =8.4 Hz), 6.24 (m, 2H), 5.94 (d, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 5.66 (s, 1H), 4.24 (t,1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.34 (t, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.15 (t, 2H, J = 6.9 Hz),2.95 (m, 3H), 2.82 (s, 1H), 2.53 (t, 2H, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.56 (s, 6H), 1.73(s, 2H), 1.62 (d, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz), 0.97 (d, 1H, J = 6.6 Hz), 0.65 (m,2H), 0.23 (m, 2H); LCMS: purity: 94%; MS (m/e): 492 (MH+) +++ +++ 171

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[N-(2- dimethylaminoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-indol-5-yl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine Bis Hydrogen Chloride Salt LCMS: purity:94%; MS (m/e): 453 (MH+) ++ ++ 172

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- cyclobutylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[1-(2-dimethyl aminoethyl)indol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H, J = 3.3Hz), 7.49 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.10 (dd, 1H, J = 1.8 and 8.1 Hz), 7.05(d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 6.25 (m,2H), 5.85 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.73 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 4.36 (t, 1H, J= 8.1 Hz), 4.20 (m, 1H), 4.15 (t, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.99 (s, 1H), 2.83(s, 1H), 2.68 (t, 2H, J = 6.6 Hz), 2.37 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.28 (s,6H), 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.60 (m, 6H); LCMS: purity: 93%; MS (m/e): 504 (MH+)++ ++ 173

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N2-[1-(2- dimethylaminoethyl)indol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-N4-[3-isopropylaminocarbonyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H, J = 3.3Hz), 7.48 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.11 (dd, 1H, J = 1.8 and 8.4 Hz), 7.06(d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 6.26 (q,2H, J = 3 Hz), 5.95 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 5.41 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 4.35(t, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz), 4.16 (t, 2H, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.94 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s,1H), 2.83 (s, 1H), 2.68 (t, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.35 (d, 1H, J = 6.6 Hz),2.32 (s, 6H), 1.64 (d, 2H, J = 9.3 Hz), 1.01 (d, 3H, J = 6.9 Hz), 0.86(d, 3H, J = 6.9 Hz); LCMS: purity: 92%; MS (m/e): 492 (MH+) ++ ++ 174

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(1-methyl-2,3-dihydrolindol-5-yl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (d, 1H,J = 3.3 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.13 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.42(d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.27 (m, 2H), 6.15 (d, 1H, J = 6.5 Hz), 5.54 (s,1H), 5.28 (s, 1H), 4.31 (t, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 3.26 (t, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz),3.03 (s, 1H), 2.92 (t, 2H, J = 7.8 Hz), 2.85 (s, 1H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.44(d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 1.63 (m, 2H); LCMS: purity: 90%; MS (m/e): 395(MH+) ++ ++ 175

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- cyclopropylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[1-(2-dimethyl aminoethyl)indol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.72 (bs, 1H), 7.24(m, 2H), 7.09 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.38 (d, 1H, J = 2.7Hz), 5.30 (m, 1H), 6.24 (m, 1H), 5.99 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 5.64 (s, 1H),4.30 (t, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 4.20 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.98 (s, 1H), 2.86(s, 1H), 2.69 (t, 2H, J = 6.6 Hz), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 6H), 1.66 (m,3H), 0.64 (m, 2H), 0.20 (m, 2H); LCMS: purity: 90%; MS (m/e): 490 (MH+)+++ +++ 176

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- cyclobutylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[1-(2-dimethyl aminoethyl)-2,3-dihydroindol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz),7.28 (s, 1H), 7.12 (dd, 1H, J = 2.1 and 8.1 Hz), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.43 (d,1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.25 (m, 2H), 5.87 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.67 (d, 1H, J= 8.1 Hz), 4.24 (m, 2H), 3.35 (t, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.16 (t, 2H, J = 7.5Hz), 2.99 (s, 1H), 2.94 (t, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.82 (s, 1H), 2.54 (t, 2H,J = 6.9 Hz), 2.31 (s, 6H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 2.23 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 1.63(m, 7H); LCMS: purity: 93%; MS (m/e): 466 (MH+) +++ +++ 177

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N2-[1-(2- dimethylaminoethyl)-2,3-dihydroindol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-N4-[3-N-methyl- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-yl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (d, 1H, J = 3.6Hz), 7.27 (bs, 1H), 7.12 (dd, 1H, J = 2.1 and 8.2 Hz), 6.57 (s, 1H),6.42 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.26 (m, 3H), 5.58 (s, 1H), 4.25 (t, 1H, J =7.4 Hz), 3.34 (t, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.15 (t, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.96 (s,1H), 2.94 (t, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.84 (s, 1H), 2.69 (d, 3H, J = 5.1 Hz),2.53 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.28 (m, 1H), 2.27 (s, 6H), 1.60 (d, 1H, J =9.0 Hz), 0.98 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz); LCMS: purity: 93%; MS (m/e): 466(MH+) +++ ++ 178

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- cyclopropylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-N2-[1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-indol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃):δ 7.68 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.10 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.59(s, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 5.96 (d, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 5.61 (s,1H), 4.25 (t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.34 (t, 2H, J = 7.4 Hz), 3.15 (t, 2H, J= 6.9 Hz), 2.95 (t, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.53 (m, 3H), 2.31 (s, 6H), 2.09(d, 1H, J = 10.2 Hz), 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.26 (m, 4H), 0.87 (m, 3H), 0.63 (m,2H); LCMS: purity: 93%; MS (m/e): 494 (MH+) +++ +++ 179

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- cyclopropylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-N2-[1-(2- dimethylaminoethyl)indol-6-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamin 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.48 (d, 1H, J =8.4 Hz), 7.14 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.05 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.92 (s,1H), 6.42 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 5.90 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 5.74 (s, 1H),4.35 (t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 4.19 (t, 2H, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.70 (t, 2H, J = 7.8Hz), 2.49 (s, 2H), 2.38 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 2.38 (s, 6H), 2.13 (d, 1H,J = 9.9 Hz), 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.29 (m, 4H), 0.62 (m, 2H), 0.17 (m, 2H);LCMS: purity: 96%; MS (m/e): 492 (MH+ ++ ++ 180

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- cyclopropylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[1-methylsulfonyl- 2,3-dihydro-indol-5-yl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.55 (s,1H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 6.44 (d, 1H, J = 6.0 Hz), 5.66 (s, 1H),4.24 (t, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 3.96 (t, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.13 (t, 2H, J = 8.4Hz), 2.82 (s, 2H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.46 (s, 1H), 2.35 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz),2.31 (m, 1H), 2.12 (d, 1H, J = 10.2 Hz), 1.66 (d, 1H, J = 6.0 Hz), 1.27(m, 4H), 0.69 (d, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 0.29 (m, 2H); LCMS: purity: 99%; MS(m/e): 501 (MH+) +++ +++ 181

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-5-fluoro-N4-[3- methylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[1-methylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydroindol-5-yl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(CDCl₃): δ 7.72 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, 2H, J = 1.2Hz), 6.74 (m, 2H), 6.27 (m, 2H), 5.62 (bs, 1H), 4.24 (t, 1H, J = 7.5Hz), 3.97 (t, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 3.13 (t, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 2.98 (s, 1H),2.87 (s, 1H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.76 (d, 3H, J = 4.8 Hz), 2.36 (d, 1H, J =9.6 Hz), 2.27 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 1.61 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz); LCMS:purity: 95%; MS (m/e): 473 (MH+) +++ +++ 182

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3- ethylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[1-methyl- sulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-indol-5-yl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.53 (s,1H), 7.30 (s, 2H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.58 (d, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 6.27 (bs,2H), 5.64 (bs, 1H), 4.25 (t, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 3.96 (t, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz),3.22 (m, 2H), 3.12 (t, 2H, J = 8.7 Hz), 2.98 (s, 1H), 2.86 (s, 1H), 2.82(s, 3H), 2.34 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.27 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz), 1.61 (d, 1H,J = 9.0 Hz), 1.02 (t, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz); LCMS: purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 487(MH+) +++ +++ 183

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N2-[1-(2- dimethylaminoethyl)indol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-N4-[3-methylaminocarbonyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamin 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.71 (s, 2H), 7.09 (d,2H, J = 2.7 Hz), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.38 (m, 2H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H),5.53 (s, 1H), 4.31 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 4.20 (t, 2H, J = 6.6 Hz), 2.97(s, 1H), 2.89 (s, 1H), 2.68 (m, 4H), 2.34 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 6H), 1.68(m, 1H), 1.28 (bs, 1H); LCMS: purity: 90%; MS (m/e): 464 (MH+) +++ +++184

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-[3-N- ethylminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{1-[2- (dimethylamino)ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-4H-benz[1,4]oxazin-6-yl}-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (d,1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.18 (d, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 6.84 (dd, 1H, J = 2.4 and 8.5Hz), 6.60 (d, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.36 (dd, 2H, J = 2.6 and 5.7 Hz), 6.24(dd, 1H, J = 2.7 and 5.8 Hz), 5.60 (bs, 1H), 4.24 (m, 3H), 3.24 (m, 3H),3.18 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 1H), 2.87 (s, 1H), 2.49 (t, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.32(m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 1.71 (s, 1H), 1.61 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 0.98 (t,3H, J = 7.2 Hz); LCMS: purity: 94%; MS (m/e): 496 (MH+) +++ +++ 185

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3-N- methylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{1-[2- (dimethylamino)ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-4H-benz[1,4]oxazin-6-yl}-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (d,1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.30 (d, 1H, J = 2.4 Hz), 6.83 (dd, 1H, J = 2.1 and 8.7Hz), 6.66 (bs, 1H), 6.60 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.46 (d, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz),6.38 (dd, 1H, J = 2.7 and 5.7 Hz), 6.21 (dd, 1H, J = 2.7 and 5.8 Hz),5.66 (s, 1H), 4.22 (m, 3H), 3.33 (m, 4H), 2.96 (s, 1H), 2.89 (s, 1H),2.71 (d, 3H, J = 4.5 Hz), 2.49 (t, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.33 (m, 1H), 2.28(s, 6H), 1.58 (d, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz), 1.26 (d, 1H, J = 2.7 Hz); LCMS:purity: 96%; MS (m/e): 482 (MH+) +++ +++ 186

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-[3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-N2-[1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-2,3- dihydroindol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H, J = 3.3Hz), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.21 (dd, 1H, J = 1.8 and 8.5 Hz), 6.53 (d, 1H, J =7.5 Hz), 6.44 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.26 (m, 2H), 5.72 (s, 1H), 5.51 (s,1H), 4.27 (t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.31 (m, 4H), 3.02 (s, 1H), 2.93 (t, 2H,J = 8.1 Hz), 2.86 (s, 1H), 2.78 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.48 (s, 6H), 2.45(d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 2.20 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz), 1.61 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz);LCMS: purity: 100%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) +++ +++ 187

(1S,2S,3R,4R)-N4-[3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-N2-[1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-2,3- dihydroindol-5-yl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.62 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.58 (s,1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.21 (dd, 1H, J = 1.8 and 8.5 Hz), 6.51 (d, 1H, J =7.5 Hz), 6.44 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 6.26 (m, 2H), 5.72 (s, 1H), 5.51 (s,1H), 4.27 (t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.31 (m, 4H), 3.02 (s, 1H), 2.93 (t, 2H,J = 8.1 Hz), 2.86 (s, 1H), 2.78 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.48 (s, 6H), 2.45(d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 2.20 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz), 1.61 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz);LCMS: purity: 97%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) + + 188

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[1-methylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-indol- 5-yl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1HNMR (CDCl₃ + CD₃OD): δ 7.66 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.39 (dd,1H, J = 2.1 and 9.7 Hz), 7.28 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.29 (q, 2H, J = 2.7Hz), 4.21 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 3.98 (t, 2H, J = 8.4 Hz), 3.35 (s, 1H),3.15 (t, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.01 (s, 1H), 2.89 (s, 1H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.53(d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 2.19 (d, 1H, J = 8.7 Hz), 1.60 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz);LCMS: purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 459 (MH+) +++ +++ 189

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-4H-benz[1,4]oxazin-6-yl}-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃):δ 7.69 (d, 1H, J = 3.0 Hz), 7.20 (d, 1H, J = 2.1 Hz), 6.83 (dd, 1H, J =1.5 and 8.8 Hz), 6.61 (m, 2H), 6.38 (m, 1H), 6.24 (m, 2H), 5.63 (s, 1H),5.36 (s, 1H), 4.31 (t, 1H, J = 8.1 Hz), 4.22 (t, 1H, J = 3.9 Hz), 3.34(t, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz), 3.03 (s, 1H), 2.89 (s, 1H), 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s,6H), 2.21 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 1.68 (s, 2H), 1.60 (d, 1H, J = 9 Hz);LCMS: purity: 93%; MS (m/e): 468 (MH+) +++ +++ 190

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-[3-(N-Cyclopropyl)aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2- yl]-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ7.72 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.34 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 6.68(s, 1H), 6.26 (m, 2H), 6.11 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.66 (s, 1H), 4.29 (t,1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.90 (m, 6H), 2.57 (m, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H),2.25 (m, 2H), 1.62 (d, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz), 1.25 (m, 1H), 0.66 (m, 2H), 0.24(m, 2H); LCMS: purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 492 (MH+) ++++ ++ 191

(1S,2S,3R,4R)-N4-[3-(N- Cyclopropyl)aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃):δ 7.72 (d, 1H, J = 3.3 Hz), 7.34 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, 1H, J = 9.3 Hz), 6.68(s, 1H), 6.26 (m, 2H), 6.11 (d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.66 (s, 1H), 4.29 (t,1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.90 (m, 6H), 2.57 (m, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H),2.25 (m, 2H), 1.62 (d, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz), 1.25 (m, 1H), 0.66 (m, 2H), 0.24(m, 2H); LCMS: purity: 95%; MS (m/e): 492 (MH+) ++ + 192

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-[3-(N- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz): δ 7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3 Hz),7.34 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.27 (m, 2H), 6.01(d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.67 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 4.28 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m,6H), 2.58 (s, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m,7H); LCMS: purity: 100%; MS (m/e): 506 (MH+) +++ +++ 193

(1S,2S,3R,4R)-N4-[3-(N- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl]-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz): δ 7.71 (d, 1H, J = 3 Hz),7.34 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.27 (m, 2H), 6.01(d, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.67 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz), 4.28 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m,6H), 2.58 (s, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m,7H); LCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 506 (MH+) − + 194

N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopentyl)-5- fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiper-azino)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): d 1.57 (m, 1H),1.88 (m, 5H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.43 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 4H), 2.89 (q, J = 7.8Hz, 1H), 3.01 (t, J = 4.2 Hz, 4H), 4.44 (m, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J= 9.0 Hz, 3H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H),7.79 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO- d6): d -169.58; LCMS: ret. time: 1.42 min.; purity: 99.92%; MS ( ++ ++ 195

N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopentyl))-5- fluoro-N2-[3-(4-methylpiper-azino)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): d 1.55 (m, 1H),1.88 (m, 5H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.43 (m, 4H), 2.89 (q, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.07(t, J = 4.8 Hz, 4H), 4.50 (m, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H),6.85 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 7.01 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.09(d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 7.84 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.85 (s,1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): d - 168.45; LCMS: ret. time: 1.43 min.;purity: 99.96%; MS (m/e): 414.22 (MH+). ++ ++ 196

N2-[4-(4-Acetylpiperazino)phenyl]-N4-(2-carboxamidocyclopentyl)-5-fluoro- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): d 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 5H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 2.89 (q, J = 7.5Hz, 1H), 2.96 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (t, 2H), 3.55 (m, 4H), 4.44 (m,1H), 6.84 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 3H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J =9.3 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz,DMSO- d6): d - 169.17; LCMS: ret. time: 1.63 min.; purity: 93.76%; MS(m/e): 442.21 (MH+). ++ ++ 197

N2-[3-(4-Acetylpiperazino)phenyl]-N4-(2-carboxamidocyclopentyl)-5-fluoro- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): d 1.55 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 5H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 2.90 (q, J = 7.5Hz, 1H), 3.03 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.09 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (t,4H), 4.50 (m, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J =5.7 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 7.04 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.7Hz, 1H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 7.84 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.89 (s, 1H); 19F NMR(282 MHz, DMSO-d6): d - 168.30; LCMS: ret. time: 1.54 min.; purity:98.90%; MS (m/e): 442.22 (MH+). + ++ 198

N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopentyl)-5-fluoro- N2-(4-morpholinophenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): d 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.87 (m, 5H), 2.89(q, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 4H), 3.71 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 4H),4.44 (m, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 3H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 7.38(s, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (s,1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): d - 169.26; LCMS: ret. time: 11.74min.; purity: 98.31%; MS (m/e): 401.14 (MH+). ++ ++ 199

N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopentyl)-N2-[4-(4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazino)phenyl]- 5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): d 1.19 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.56 (m, 1H), 1.86 (m, 5H),2.88 (q, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 4H), 3.48 (t, J = 4.8 Hz,4H), 4.04 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.44 (m, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H),6.84 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 9.0Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.80 (s, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz,DMSO-d6): d - 169.16; LCMS: ret. time: 15.87 min.; purity: 95.16%; MS(m/e): 472.14 (MH+). ++ ++ 200

N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopentyl)-5- fluoro-N2-(3-morpholinophenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): d 1.54 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 5H),2.90 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 4H), 3.72 (t, J = 4.8 Hz,4H), 4.49 (m, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (dd, J = 2.4, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d,J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 7.04 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J =8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 7.84 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H); 19FNMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): d - 168.35; LCMS: ret. time: 14.87 min.; purity:98.88%; MS (m/e): 400.87 (MH+). ++ + 201

N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopentyl)-N2-[3-(4-ethoxycarbonylpiperazino)phenyl]- 5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): d 1.19 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.54 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 5H),2.90 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 4H), 3.49 (t, J = 4.8 Hz,4H), 4.05 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.50 (m, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (dd, J =1.5, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 7.04 (t, J =7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.44 (t, J = 2.1Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.90 (s, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz,DMSO-d6): d - 168.30; LCMS: ret. time: 15.57 min.; purity: 99.00%; MS(m/e): 472.22 (MH+). ++ + 202

N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopentyl)-N2-[3-chloro-4-(4-methylpiperazino)phenyl]-5- fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): d 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 5H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.45 (m, 4H),2.88 (t, 4H), 2.92 (q, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (m, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98(m, 2H), 7.03 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J = 2.4, 8.7Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 9.12 (br,1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): d - 167.96; LCMS: ret. time: 8.87 min.;purity: 91.11%; MS (m/e): 448 (MH+). ++ ++ 203

N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopentyl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazino)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamineMonohydrochloride Salt ++ ++ 15

Racemic-cis-N4-(2- Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3- methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 94%; MS (m/e): 428 (MH+). ++ ++ 204

(cis)-N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazino)-3- trifluoromethylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: ret. time: 12.17 min.; purity: 94.13%; MS (m/e):482 (MH+). ++ + 205

(cis)-N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopent-1-yl)- N2-[3-chloro-4-(4-methylpiperazino)phenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: ret.time: 9.14 min.; purity: 91.57%; MS (m/e): 448 (MH+). ++ ++ 206

(cis)-N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopent-1-yl)- 5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazino)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: ret. time: 5.84min.; purity: 93.28%; MS (m/e): 427.92 (MH+). ++ ++ 207

(cis)-N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazino)-3-trifluoromethylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidine- diamine Bis Hydrogen ChlorideSalt LCMS: ret. time: 13.56 min.; purity: 91.36%; MS (m/e): 482 (MH+).++ + 15a

(1S,2R)-N4-(2-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin- 1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 91%; MS (m/e): 429 (MH+) ++ ++ 208

(1S,2S)-5-fluoro-N4-(2- methoxycarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazino)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine + + 209

(1S,2S)-5-fluoro-N4-(2- hydroxycarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazino)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine − − 15d

(1S,2S)-N4-(2-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin- 1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 91%; MS (m/e): 429 (MH+) − − 15b

(1R,2S)-N4-(2-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin- 1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 95%; MS (m/e): 429 (MH+) + + 210

(1R,2R)-N4-(2-Ethoxycarbonylcyclopent- 1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazino)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: ret. time: 13.50min.; purity: 86.14%; MS (m/e): 457.23 (MH+). + + 211

(1R,2R)-5-fluoro-N4-(2- hydroxycarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazino)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine − − 15c

(1R,2R)-N4-(2-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin- 1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 93%; MS (m/e): 429 (MH+) + + 212

(cis)-N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(4-methylphenyl)-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: ret. time:8.68 min.; purity: 95.24%; MS (m/e): 330.19 (MH+). + + 213

(cis)-N4-(2-Carboxamidocyclopent-1-yl)-N2-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5- fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS:ret. time: 7.70 min.; purity: 95.96%; MS (m/e): 360.20 (MH+). ++ ++ 214

(1R,3S)-N4-(3- Methoxycarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 82%; MS (m/e): 444 (MH+) + + 215

(1S,3R)-N4-(3- Methoxycarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 92%; MS (m/e): 444 (MH+) + + 216

Racemic-cis-N4-(2- aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3- methoxymethylenephenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 92%; MS (m/e): 459 (MH+) ++ ++ 217

Racemic-cis-N4-(2- aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-hydroxymethylene-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 92%; MS (m/e): 445 (MH+) ++ + 218

Racemic-cis-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-N4-(2- methoxycarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 99%; MS (m/e): 444 (MH+) + + 219

(1S,3R)-N4-(3-Carboxycyclopent-1-yl)-5- fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 86%;MS (m/e): 430 (MH+) − − 220

(1S,3S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylcyclopent- 1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 74%;MS (m/e): 429 (MH+) + + 221

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 94%; MS (m/e): 453 (MH+) +++ +++ 222

(1R,2S)-N4-(2-Aminocarbonylcyclopent- 1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine Bis HydrogenChloride Salt LCMS: purity: 87%; MS (m/e): 429 (MH+) ++ ++ 223

Racemic-cis-N4-(2- aminocarbonylcyclohex-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 98%; MS (m/e): 443 (MH+) ++ + 224

Racemic-(cis)-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclohex-4-en-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): δ 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.32 (m, 2H), 2.44 (m,5H), 2.76 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 4H), 2.81 (m, 2H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 5.63 (m, 2H),6.63 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 7.32(s, 1H), 7.37 (dd, J = 2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84(d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.84 (br, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ−168.84; LCMS: ret. time: 10.61 min.; LCMS: purity: 99.22%; MS (m/e):440.12 (MH+) + + 225

(1S,4R)-cis-N4-(4-Aminocarbonyl cyclopent-2-ene-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS:purity: 76.31%; MS (m/e): 426.35 (MH+) ++ ++ 226

(1R,4S)-cis-N4-(4-Aminocarbonyl cyclopent-2-ene-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS:purity: 96.83%; MS (m/e): 426.30 (MH+) + + 227

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclohex-5-ene-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): δ 1.73 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H),2.44 (m, 6H), 2.76 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 4H), 4.87 (m, 1H), 5.79 (s, 2H), 6.79(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 7.31 (s,1H), 7.41 (dd, J = 2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d,J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.80 (br, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ −168.35;LCMS: purity: 93.08%; MS (m/e): 440.25 (MH+) + + 228

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine Bis-Hydrochloride Salt LCMS: purity: 98.89%; MS (m/e):452 (MH+) +++ +++ 229

Racemic-N4-(2-aminocarbonylcyclohex-4-ene-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ1.98 (m, 1H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.43 (m, 5H),2.63 (m, 1H), 2.75 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 4H), 4.36 (m, 1H), 5.64 (m, 2H), 6.84(d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s,1H), 7.26 (dd, J = 2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d,J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 8.76 (br, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ −168.02;LCMS: purity: 96.90%; MS (m/e): 440.06 (MH+) − − 60r2

Racemic-(2-endo,3-endo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 69.47%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) ++ ++ 60a

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 99.83%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) +++ +++ 60b

(1S,2S,3R,4R)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 99.80%; MS (m/e): 452 (MH+) + + 230

Racemie-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 1.40 (d, J = 8.4Hz, 1H), 2.11 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.44 (m, 5H), 2.80 (s,1H), 2.87 (s, 1H), 3.03 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 4H), 4.07 (m, 1H), 6.31 (m, 2H),6.82 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53(d, J = 9.3 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.82 (br,1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ −209.32; LCMS: purity: 90.38%; MS(m/e): 438.24 (MH+) +++ +++ 231

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)]phenyl-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 91.84%; MS (m/e): 438.06(MH+) +++ +++ 232

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-isopropyl- piperazin-1-yl)-3-methylphenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 1.01 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 6H), 1.41 (d,J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.12 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.57 (m, 6H),2.67 (m, 1H), 2.77 (m, 4H), 2.86 (s, 1H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 6.30 (m, 2H),6.90 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.47(m, 2H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.86 (br, 1H); 19F NMR(282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ −208.84; LCMS: purity: 97.87%; MS (m/e): 480.05(MH+) +++ +++ 233

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[3-chloro-4-(4-methylpiperazin- 1-yl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 96.33%; MS (m/e): 472.21 (MH+) +++ +++234

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3-Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineBis- Hydrochloride Salt LCMS: purity: 98.34%; MS (m/e): 452.15 (MH+) +++++ 235

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methoxymethyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 1.40 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 2.13 (d,J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.45 (m, 5H), 2.79 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 5H),2.86 (s, 1H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 4.10 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 6.30(m, 2H), 6.98 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 7.8 Hz,1H), 7.58 (dd, J = 2.7, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.85 (d, J = 3.6 Hz,1H), 8.96 (br, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO- d6): δ −208.59; LCMS:purity: 86.56%; MS (m/e): 482.05 (MH+) +++ +++ 236

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-hydroxymethyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 86.59%; MS (m/e): 468.02 (MH+) +++ +++237

N4-(Cyclopent-3-ene-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2- [3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.22(s, 3H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.44 (m, 4H), 2.71 (m, 2H), 2.76 (t, J = 4.5 Hz,4H), 4.63 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.74 (s, 2H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H),7.42 (m, 2H), 7.57 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 8.79(br, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ −206.34; LCMS: purity: 92.23%;MS (m/e): 383.07 (MH+) ++ + 238

N4-(1-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-3-ene-1- yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity:79.55%; MS (m/e): 426.16 (MH+) + − 239

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-fluoro-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 86.34%; MS (m/e): 456.14 (MH+) +++ +++240

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 1.25 (m, 2H), 1.55 (m, 2H), 1.94(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 2H), 2.45 (m,4H), 2.60 (s, 1H), 2.62 (s, 1H), 2.76 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 4H), 4.12 (t, J =7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 7.46 (m, 3H), 7.62(s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.84 (br, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz,DMSO-d6): δ −208.92; LCMS: purity: 87.88%; MS (m/e): 454.23 (MH+) ++++++ 241

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-3- methylphenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 83.54%; MS (m/e): 466.19 (MH+) +++ +++242

5-Fluoro-N4-(1-methoxycarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ1.71 (m, 4H), 2.23 (s, 6H), 2.50 (m, 4H), 2.87 (m, 8H), 3.45 (s, 3H),6.86 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.52(s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 8.74 (br, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz,DMSO-d6): δ −205.12; LCMS: purity: 86.63%; MS (m/e): 443.13 (MH+) + +243

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[3-cyano-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 97.00%; MS (m/e): 463.32 (MH+) +++ +++244

N4-(1- Cyclopropylaminocarbonylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 64.55%; MS (m/e): 465.95 (MH+) − − 245

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N4-[4-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)- 3-methylphenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 79.37%; MS (m/e): 520.37 (MH+) +++ +++246

N4-(1-Carboxycyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 95.44%; MS (m/e): 429.06 (MH+) − − 247

N4-(1-Cyclopropylaminocarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity:97.47%; MS (m/e): 468.34 (MH+) − − 248

N4-(1-Aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl)- 5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 94.24%;MS (m/e): 428.63 (MH+) − − 249

(1S,2R,3S,4R)-5-Fluoro-N4-(3- methoxycarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 76.81%; MS (m/e): 469.36 (MH+) + + 250

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[(4-hydroxy-3- methyl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 98.66%; MS (m/e): 370.57 (MH+) +++ +++ 251

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[(3-methyl-1- thiomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 96.69%; MS (m/e): 455.44 (MH+) +++ +++252

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3-N-cyclo-propylaminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept- 2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity:96.67%; MS (m/e): 490.04 (MH+) +++ +++ 253

(1S,2R,3S,4R)-N4-(3-N-Cyclopropyl aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 61.04%; MS (m/e): 493.98 (MH+) ++ ++ 254

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-5-fluoro-N4-(3- methoxycarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[3-methylaminocarbonyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): δ 1.49 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.28 (d, J = 9.6Hz, 1H), 2.49 (m, 4H), 2.75-2.86 (m, 9H), 2.95 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H),4.42 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (s, 2H), 6.97 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.10(d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (dd, J = 3.0, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 3.6Hz, 1H), 8.15 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 9.07 (br, 1H), 9.34 (d, J = 5.1 Hz,1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ −206.01; LCMS: purity: 96.25%; MS(m/e): 511.30 (MH+) + + 255

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methylaminocarbonyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity:94.35%; MS (m/e): 495.10 (MH+) ++ ++ 256

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methoxy-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 83.00%; MS (m/e): 468.09 (MH+) +++ +++257

N4-(1-Adamantyl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3- methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 95.23%; MS (m/e): 451.28(MH+) 258

N4-(2-Adamantyl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3- methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 91.37%; MS (m/e): 451.13(MH+) + + 259

5-Fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-N4-(3-noradamantyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 86.81%; MS (m/e):437.17 (MH+) + + 260

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N2-[3- aminocarbonyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 76.75%; MS (m/e):481.17 (MH+) ++ ++ 261

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[4-(4-ethylsulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)- 3-methylphenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 88.67%; MS (m/e): 530.41 (MH+) +++ +++262

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(1- methylpiperidin-4-ylamino)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 1.42 (m, 4H), 1.86-2.13 (m,5H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.75 (m, 3H), 2.85 (s, 1H), 3.17 (m,1H), 3.97 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.09 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.22 (m, 1H),6.31 (m, 1H), 6.46 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.25 (m, 3H), 7.66(s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.54 (br, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz,DMSO- d6): δ −209.98; LCMS: purity: 83.23%; MS (m/e): 466.03 (MH+) ++++++ 263

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{3-methoxy-4-[2-(N- methyl-N-methoxyacet-2-yl)iminoacetylamino]phenyl}-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ1.42 (d, 1H), 2.16 (d, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.78 (m, 1H), 2.86 (m, 2H),3.26 (s, 2H), 3.50 (s, 2H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 4.16 (m, 1H),6.25 (m, 1H), 6.33 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 1H),7.67 (m, 1H), 7.88 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 9.04(s, 1H), 9.33 (s, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ −208.06; LCMS:purity: 70.02%; MS (m/e): 528.50 (MH+) +++ ++ 264

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(piperidin-4- phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): δ 1.41 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 2.11(d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.72- 3.00 (m, 5H), 4.08 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.28(dd, J = 2.7, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (dd, J = 3.0, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J =8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.4Hz, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (br, 1H), 8.56(br, 1H), 9.09 (s, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ −208.28; LCMS:purity: 85.27%; MS (m/e): 423.52 (MH+) +++ ++ 265

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 1.42 (d, 1H),1.67 (m, 5H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 2.10 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.36(m, 2H), 2.81-2.87 (m, 3H), 4.08 (m, 1H), 6.31 (m, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 8.4Hz, 2H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, 1H), 7.61 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (s,1H), 7.85 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 9.00 (s, 1H); 19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6):δ −208.59; LCMS: purity: 80.17%; MS (m/e): 437.15 (MH+) +++ +++ 266

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methoxy-4-(4-methyl- 2,6-dioxopiperazino)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 88.11%; MS (m/e): 496.24 (MH+) ++ ++ 267

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-(piperidin-4- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): δ 1.41 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 2.12(d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.72- 3.01 (m, 5H), 3.36 (m, 3H), 4.12 (t, J = 7.5Hz, 1H), 6.26 (dd, J = 3.0, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (dd, J = 2.7, 5.7 Hz, 1H),6.75 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (m, 3H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.69(m, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.65 (br, 1H), 9.20 (s, 1H); 19F NMR(282 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ −207.57; LCMS: purity: 93.52%; MS (m/e): 423.25(MH+) +++ +++ 268

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 80.24%; MS (m/e): 437.06(MH+) +++ +++ 269

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- ethylsulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 92.11%; MS (m/e): 530.59(MH+) +++ +++ 270

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-yl)-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4- ethylsulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine Bis- Hydrochloride Salt LCMS: purity:85.03%; MS (m/e): 530.14 (MH+) + + 271

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 93.55%; MS (m/e): 466.71 (MH+) + +272

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(1- methylpiperidin-4-ylamino)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 93.05%; MS (m/e): 466.28 (MH+) +++ +++273

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(piperidin-4- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 90.63%; MS (m/e): 423.17 (MH+) +++ ++ 274

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-(piperidin-4- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamineLCMS: purity: 95.60%; MS (m/e): 423.26 (MH+) +++ +++ 275

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine LCMS: purity: 90.52%; MS (m/e):437.26 (MH+) +++ +++ 276

(1R,2R,3S,4S)-N4-(3- Aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(1-methyl-piperidin-4-ylamino)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine Bis-HydrochlorideSalt LCMS: purity: 86.47%; MS (m/e): 465.99 (MH+) +++ +++ 277

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(4-hydroxy-3- methylphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamineBis-Hydrochloride Salt LCMS: purity: 97.45%; MS (m/e): 370.11 (MH+) ++++++ 278

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-butan-1-one-4- yl]phenyl}-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.928 (s, 1H), 7.83-7.82 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.58(d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.03-7.00 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.97(s, 1H), 6.87-6.85 (bd, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 4.05-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m,2H), 3.37 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.22 (m, 1H), 2.16 (s, 3H),1.92-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.50 (m, 1H); LCMS: purity:94% MS (m/e): 484 (MH+) + + 279

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-ethan-1-one-2- yl]phenyl}-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.99 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.83 (dd, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.60 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.06-7.03 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H),6.97 (s, 1H), 6.89-6.87 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.48-4.43 (m, 1H), 3.59 (s,1H), 3.45- 3.41 (m, 2H), 2.92 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.14 (m, 4H), 2.12 (s, 3H),1.95-1.75 (m, 4H); LCMS: purity: 94% MS (m/e): 456 (MH+) + + 280

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-propan-1-one-3- yl]}phenyl-2,4-pyrimidinediamine1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.92 (s, 1H), 7.83-7.82 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H)7.59-7.56 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H) 7.38 (s, 1H) 7.06- 7.03 (d, J = 8.4 Hz,1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.87-6.85 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.84- 6.81 (d, J = 8.1Hz, 1H), 6.45-6.42 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.42 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.34 (m,4H) 2.92-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.68 (t, 1H), 2.59-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.17(m, 2H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.96- 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.53 (m, 2H); LCMS:purity: 100% MS (m/e): 470 (MH+) + + 281

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl-carbonyl)phenyl]- 2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): δ 9.28 (s, 1H), 7.88-7.87 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H),7.27-7.24 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.99-6.97 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) 4.49-4.45(m, 1H), 3.46 (bs, 4H), 3.15 (s, 4H), 2.94-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.29 (bs, 2H),2.17 (s, 3H) 1.96-1.86 (m, 4H); LCMS: purity: 94.32% MS (m/e): 442(MH+) + + 282

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(5-methyl-(1S,4S)2,5- diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yll)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.66 (s, 1H),7.78-7.77 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.28-7.25 (d,J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.78-6.76 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.67-6.65(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 1H), 2.91- 2.89 (m, 2H),2.70-2.62 (m, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.87 (bs, 6H), 1.77-1.75(d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 1.68- 1.65 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H); LCMS: purity:95.60% MS (m/e): 440 (MH+) ++ ++ 283

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-N2-[4-(2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-3-methyl]phenyl- 5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1HNMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.82 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.81 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H) 7.57-7.56(d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.38 (dd, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (s, 1H),6.88-6.85 (d, J = 9 Hz, 2H), 4.47-4.43 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.67 (m, 1H),2.92-2.89 (m, 1H), 2.84-2.80 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 2H), 2.30- 2.23 (m, 2H),2.20 (s, 3H), 1.95-1.75 (m, 5H), 1.57-1.53 (m, 1H), 1.10 (s, 3H), 1.08(s, 3H); LCMS: purity: 92.59% MS (m/e): 443 (MH+) ++ ++ 284

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-N2-[4-(2,6-dimethylmorpholino)- 3-methylphenyl]-5-fluoro-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 7.84-7.83 (d, J =3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 2H), 7.38-7.35 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H),7.17 (s, 1H), 6.88-6.85 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 6.32-6.27 (d, J = 11.1 Hz,2H), 4.13-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.67 (m, 2H), 2.84 (s, 2H), 2.80-2.77 (d, J= 9.6 Hz, 2H), 2.31-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.06 (d, J = 12.9Hz, 1H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.41-1.38 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.106 (s, 3H),1.08 (s, 3H); LCMS: purity: 98.27% (m/e): 467 (MH+) +++ +++ 285

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(5-methyl-(1S,4S)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]-heptan-2-yl)phenyl-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.73 (s, 1H)7.81-7.80 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.31 (m,2H), 7.18 (s, 2H), 6.71-6.68 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (m, 2H), 6.26 (m,1H), 4.12- 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.88 (s, 2H), 3.49 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.17 (m, 2H),2.85 (s, 1H), 2.77 (bs, 2H), 2.37 (bs, 2H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.83 (m, 1H),1.76 (m, 1H), 1.41- 1.38 (d, J = 9 Hz, 1H), 1.23 (bs, 1H); LCMS: purity:96.89% (m/e): 478 (MH+) +++ +++ 286

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclopent-4-en-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR(DMSO-d6): δ 8.79 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H),7.41-7.38 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.25- 7.23 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (s,2H), 6.88-6.86 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 3.38 (bs, 2H), 2.75(m, 4H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.89 (s, 2H); LCMS: purity: 95.49%(m/e): 426 (MH+) ++ ++ 287

Racemic-cis-N4-(2-aminocarbonyl cyclopent-1-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4-(pyrrolidino)phenyl]-2,4- pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ8.71 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.79 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H),7.34-7.30 (dd, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.80-6.77 (d, J = 8.4 Hz,2H), 4.47-4.42 (m, 1H), 2.98 (bs, 4H), 2.92-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.19 (s, 3H),1.95-1.85 (m, 10H), 1.59-1.53 (m, 1H); LCMS: purity: 90.98% (m/e): 399(M+) + + 288

Racemic-(2-exo,3-exo)-N4-(3- aminocarbonylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-[3-methyl-4- (pyrrolidino)phenyl]-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.81 (d, J =3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 2H), 7.33-7.31 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H),7.17 (s, 1H), 6.80-6.77 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 6.34-6.23 (d, J = 14.1 Hz,2H), 4.13-4.08 (m, 1H), 2.99 (bs, 4H), 2.85 (s, 1H), 2.77 (s, 1H), 2.19(s, 3H), 2.13-2.10 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 1.84 (bs, 4H), 1.41-1.38 (d, J =8.1 Hz, 1H); LCMS: purity: 96.70% (m/e): 423 (M+) ++ ++

Cis racemic Compound 15, (1S,2R) enantiomeric Compound 15a and (1R,2R)enantiomeric Compound 15b were also tested against DU145 (prostatecarcinoma), HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) and MiaPaCa-2 (pancreaticcarcinoma) cell lines. The racemate (Compound 15) and the (1S,2R)enantiomer (Compound 15a) exhibited IC₅₀s of <1 μM against these celllines. The (1R,2R) enantiomer (Compound 15b) exhibited IC₅₀s of <5 μM.

Certain compounds were tested against other cell types for their abilityto inhibit proliferation in standard antiproliferation assays. Thevarious cells lines tested included: A549 (lung carcinoma); ASPC-1(pancreatic adenocarcinoma); BXPC-3 (pabcreatic adenocarcinoma); CaOV-3(ovarian adenocarcinoma); COLO 205 (colorectal adenocarcinoma); DU145(prostate carcinoma); ES-2 (ovarian clear cell carcinoma); H1299(non-small cell lung carcinoma); H1155 (non-small cell lung carcinoma);H460 (large cell lung carcinoma); HELA (cervical adenocarcinoma); HL160(promyeloblast promyelocytic leukemia); K562 (bone marrow chronicmyelogenous leukemia); L1210 (mouse lymphocytic leukemia); MiaPaCa-2(pancreatice carcinoma); MOLT4 (T lymphoblast acute lymphoblasticleukemia); OVCAR-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma); MOLT3 (T lymphoblast acutelymphoblastic leukemia); OVCAR-8 (ovarian carcinoma); PC3 (prostateadenocarcinoma); SK-OV-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma); SU86.86 (pancreaticcarcinoma); SW620 (colorectal adenocarcinoma); THP-1 (monocyte acutemonocytic leukemia); TOV-21G (ovarian clear cell carcinoma); U2OS (boneosteosarcoma); and U937 (histiocytic lymphoma).

The IC₅₀ values obtained with racemate 60 and its bis HCl salt (Compound228; racemate R3), racemate 60r2, diasteromer 60a and its bis HCl salt(Compound 234; enantiomer E3), and diastereomer 60b are provided inTABLE 2, below. In TABLE 2, a “+” indicates an IC₅₀ value of ≦1 μM, a“++” indicates an IC₅₀ value of ≦20 nM, “+++” indicates an IC₅₀ value of≦10 nM, and a “−” indicates an IC₅₀ value of >1 μM. A blank indicatesthat the compound was not tested against the specific cell line.

TABLE 2 In Vitro IC₅₀ Values of Selected Compounds 60 228 60a 60b 23460r2 221 222 206 A549 ++ + +++ — +++ + +++ + + ASPC1 ++ +++ ++ BxPC-3+++ CaOV-3 +++ Colo205 +++ +++ — +++ +++ + DU145 ++ ++ + + +++ ES-2H1299 + +++ — + ++ + H1155 +++ +++ H460 +++ H7299 ++ + ++ — + + HELA ++++++ — +++ +++ HL160 +++ +++ — +++ + K562 + + — + — L1210 + ++ — + +Miapaca2 +++ +++ — +++ +++ + MOLT3 +++ +++ — +++ + MOLT4 +++ +++ — +++ +OVCAR-3 OVCAR-8 PC3 ++ +++ — SKOV3 ++ Su86.86 ++ SW620 + ++ — ++ +THP-1 + + + ++ + TOV-G21 +++ U20S ++ +++ + ++ U937 +++ — +++ +

7.17 Inhibition of Aurora Kinases in Functional Cellular Assays

Enantiomers E1 and E2 (Compounds 60a and 60b, respectively) were testedfor their ability to inhibit Aurora kinase-B in a functional cellularassay involving phosphorylation of its substrate, histone H3. For theassay, A549 cells were seeded into the wells of a microtiter tray (5000cells/well in 100 μl F12K media) late in the afternoon on Day 1. Thecells were grown overnight (37° C., 5% CO₂). On Day 2, 50 μl nocodazole(1 μM in media) was added to each well, giving a final concentration of333 nM. Cells were grown for an additional 18 hrs under the sameconditions.

On Day 3, 50 μl aliquots of varying concentrations of test compound wereadded to the wells. Test compounds were prepared by 2-fold serialdilution of a 2 mM stock (in DMSO). The diluted compounds in DMSO werethen further diluted 1:50 with media to yield a final solutioncontaining 4× test compound, 98% media, 2% DMSO. After incubation, themedia/test compound was washed and the cells fixed with 2%para-formaldehyde (in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline “DPBS”; 25 μlper well; >20 mm incubation). The fixed cells were washed once with DPBS(200 μl/well), stained with phospho-Histone H3 (Cell SignalingTechnology; 1:500 in DPBS, 10% normal goat serum “NGS”, 0.05% TritonX-100; 1-2 hrs at room temperature), and washed twice with DPBS (200μl/well). The cells were then stained with a secondary antibody labeledwith a fluorescent dye (secondary antibody donkey anti-mouse AlexFluor488 (Invitrogen Molecular Probes; 1:2000) and DAPI (1:15,000 of 1 mg/mlstock) for 1 hr at room temperature, washed three times with DPBS (200μl/well) and stored under DPBS (100 μl/well) at 4° C. until ready foranalysis.

A Zeiss Axiovert S100 inverted fluorescent microscope with aPlan-NEOFLUAR 10× objective, a Hamamatsu Lightningcure 200 Mercury-Xenonlight source and an Omega Optical XF57 quad filter was used for all datacollection. The system was equipped with a Ludl Mac2000 motorized stagewith X/Y/Z control, a Ludl filter wheel, a Zymark Twister robot arm anda Quantix digital camera from Roper Scientific. All hardware wascontrolled with ImagePro 4.5 with the ScopePro/StagePro 4.1 module(Media Cybernetics) on a PC running Win2000. Visual Basic Scripts werewritten for ImagePro to automate hardware control and image collection.Focusing was performed with a software auto-focus routine contained withStagePro that used the maximum local contrast to determine the bestplane of focus from a Z series captured once in each well. Once properfocus was achieved images were captured in a 3×3 grid pattern ofadjacent images next to, but not including, the position of focusing.Images were captured and analyzed in 12-bit format using segmentationand morphological routines contained in the Image Pro software package.Identified nuclei were counted and pixel data for each cell along withexperimental conditions was stored in a database using MySQL 4.0.14.Subsequent analysis of experimental results and graph creation was doneusing Matlab 6.5.

For phospho-histone H3 analysis the data is converted to Facs files andanalysed using FlowJo. The percent Phospho-H3 cells are plotted at eachcompound concentration to determine an EC50 for Aurora B inhibition.

Results.

The enantiomer E1 (Compound 60a) inhibited Aurora kinase-B with an IC₅₀of about 7 nM in this assay. By contrast, the IC₅₀ of the enantiomer E2(Compound 60b) was 2.49 μM, approx. 350 times greater.

7.18 Compound 60a Shrinks Tumors In Vivo

The ability of the bis HCl salt of Compound 60a (enantiomer E3; Compound234) was tested for its ability to shrink A549 and Colo205 tumors in astandard xenograft therapeutic model in SCID mice, and Colo205 andMiaPaCa tumors in a standard xenograph regression model in SCID mice.When palpable tumors appeared and were of a preselected volume (approx.100 mm3 for treatment model; >300 mm3 for regression model), the micewere administered test compounds in the amounts and according to thedosing regimens specified in TABLE 3 (treatment protocol) and TABLE 4(regression protocol), below.

TABLE 3 Summary of Treatment Model Experiments (Mean tumor size 100 mm³)Dose Schedule Cell Line (mg/kg/day) (day on/day off) Route Colo205 2 4/3oral Colo205 10 4/3 oral Colo205 10 2/1 oral Colo205 10 5/2 oral Colo20510 7/7 oral Colo205 10 3/11 oral Colo205 10 1/6 oral Colo205 10 dailyoral A549 10 5/2 oral A549 10 2/1 oral A549 10 7/7 oral A549 10 daily(13 days) i.p. A549 20 daily (5 days) i.p.

TABLE 4 Summary of Progression Model Experiments (Mean tumor size >300mm³) Cell Line Dose (mg/kg/day) Schedule Route Colo205 10 daily (13days) oral MiaPaCa 10 daily (3 cycles) oral MiaPaCa 10 daily (3 cycles)i.p.

Results.

The inhibitory effects of Compound 234 on Colo205 tumor growth in thetreatment model are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. The results of thedaily dosing regimen are illustrated in FIG. 1; the results of thepulsed dosing regimens in FIG. 2. Both dosing regimens yieldedsignificant (p<0.050) reductions in tumor growth rate as compared to avehicle control for all dosage levels tested. A 549 tumors were lessresponsive to treatment resulting in an approximate 40% reduction inmean tumor volume following a dosing regimen of 5 days on/2 days off anda dose level of 10 mg/kg qd (p>0.05).

The inhibitory effects of Compound 234 on Colo205 tumor growth in theregression model are illustrated in FIG. 3. The effects of Compound 234on MiaPaCa tumors in the regression model are illustrated in FIG. 4.Significant reductions in tumor growth rate were observed with bothtumor lines. These reductions were independent of the mode ofadministration. Moreover, the reductions observed in MiaPaCa tumors weresimilar to those observed with taxol (see FIG. 4).

Although the foregoing inventions have been described in some detail tofacilitate understanding, it will be apparent that certain changes andmodifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims.Accordingly, the described embodiments are to be considered asillustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is not to be limitedto the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope andequivalents of the appended claims.

All literature and patent references cited throughout the applicationare incorporated into the application by reference for all purposes.

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound according to structural formula (I):

or an active salt or N-oxide thereof, wherein: R² is an optionallysubstituted, heteroaryl, or heteroarylalkyl group; R⁴ is a saturated orunsaturated, bridged or unbridged cycloalkyl ring including an R⁷substituent, with the proviso that when the cycloalkyl ring is asaturated bridged cycloalkyl, or an unsaturated bridged or unbridgedcycloalkyl, this R⁷ substituent is optional; R⁵ is selected fromhydrogen, an optionally substituted lower alkyl and a group selectedfrom the group consisting of —CN, —NC, —NO₂, halo, (C1-C3) haloalkyl,(C1-C3) perhaloalkyl, (C1-C3) fluoroalkyl, (C1-C3) perfluoroalkyl, —CF3,(C1-C3) haloalkoxy, (C1-C3) perhaloalkoxy, (C1-C3) fluoroalkoxy, (C1-C3)perfluoroalkoxy, —OCF₃, OC(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a), —C(O)CF₃, and —C(O)CF₃;R⁷ is an amide or an ester group, wherein each R^(a) is independentlyselected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower cycloalkyl, (C6-C14) aryl,phenyl, naphthyl, (C7-C20) arylalkyl and benzyl.
 2. The compound, activesalt or N-oxide thereof of claim 1 in which R⁵ is a group selected fromthe group consisting of —CN, —NC, —NO₂, halo, (C1-C3) haloalkyl, (C1-C3)perhaloalkyl, (C1-C3) fluoroalkyl, (C1-C3) perfluoroalkyl, —CF3, (C1-C3)haloalkoxy, (C1-C3) perhaloalkoxy, (C1-C3) fluoroalkoxy, (C1-C3)perfluoroalkoxy, —OCF₃, OC(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a), —C(O)CF₃, and —C(O)CF₃.3. The compound or active salt or N-oxide thereof of claim 2 in which R⁵is selected from nitro, cyano, halo, trifluoromethyl andtrifluoromethoxy.
 4. The compound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 1 inwhich R² is selected from

wherein: Y¹ is selected from O, S, N, NH, N—(CH₂)_(y)—R^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)OR^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂R^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂OR^(a) and N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)NR^(c)R^(c); Y² is selectedfrom O, S and S(O)₂; R^(a) is selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, lowercycloalkyl, (C6-C14) aryl, phenyl, naphthyl, (C7-C20) arylalkyl andbenzyl; each R^(c) is, independently of the other, an R^(a) or,alternatively, two R^(c) that are bonded to the same nitrogen atom maybe taken together with this nitrogen atom to form a 5-8 memberedheterocycloalkyl group which may optionally include from 1 to 3additional heteroatomic groups selected from O, S, N—(CH₂)_(y)—R^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)OR^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂R^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂OR^(a) and N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)NR^(a)R^(a), and which mayoptionally include one or more of the same or lower alkyl substituents;y is an integer ranging from 0 to 6; and the bond including the dottedline may be a single bond or a double bond.
 5. The compound, active saltor N-oxide of claim 1 in which R⁴ is a substituted unbridged saturatedcycloalkyl of the formula

where x is an integer ranging from 1 to 6 or a substituted unsaturatedunbridged lower cycloalkyl selected from


6. The compound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 5 which is enriched inone or more of the (1S,2R), (1R,2S) and/or (1R,2R) diastereomer.
 7. Thecompound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 5 which is enriched in the(1R,2S) diastereomer.
 8. The compound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 5which is substantially free of the (1S,2S) diastereomer.
 9. Thecompound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 5 which is substantially purein the (1R,2S) diastereomer.
 10. The compound, active salt or N-oxide ofclaim 1 in which R⁴ is an unsaturated unbridged lower cycloalkylselected from


11. The compound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 10 which is enrichedin one or more respective diastereomers selected from (1S,3S or 4S),(1S,3R or 4R), (1R,3S or 4S) and (1R,3R or 4R).
 12. The compound, activesalt or N-oxide of claim 10 which is enriched in the (1R,3S or 4S)diastereomer.
 13. The compound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 10 whichis substantially free of the (1S,3S or 4S) diastereomer.
 14. Thecompound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 10 which is substantially purein the (1R,3S or 4S) diastereomer.
 15. The compound, active salt orN-oxide of claim 2 in which R⁵ is selected from nitro, cyano or halo.16. The compound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 2 in which R⁵ isfluoro.
 17. The compound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 1 in which theR⁴ bridged or unbridged cycloalkyl ring is substituted with an R⁷substituent.
 18. The compound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 17,wherein R⁷ is selected from —C(O)OR^(d) and —C(O)NR^(d)R^(d), in whicheach R^(d) is, independently of the others, selected from R^(a), R^(c)and a chiral auxiliary group; each R^(a) is, independently of theothers, selected from lower alkyl, lower cycloalkyl, (C6-C14) aryl,phenyl, naphthyl, (C7-C20) arylalkyl and benzyl; each R^(c) is,independently of the others, selected from R^(a) or, alternatively, twoR^(c) that are bonded to the same nitrogen atom may be taken togetherwith this nitrogen atom to form a 5-8 membered heterocycloalkyl groupwhich may optionally include from 1 to 3 additional heteroatomic groupsselected from O, S, N—(CH₂)_(y)—R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)R^(a),N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)OR^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂R^(a), N—(CH₂)_(y)—S(O)₂OR^(a)and N—(CH₂)_(y)—C(O)NR^(a)R^(a), where y is an integer ranging from 0 to6, and which may optionally include one or more of the same or differentR⁸ and/or lower alkyl substituents; each R⁸ group is, independently ofthe others, selected from R^(a), R^(b), lower cycloalkyl optionallysubstituted with one or more of the same or different R^(a) and/or R^(b)groups, lower heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or moreof the same or different R^(a) and/or R^(b) groups, lower alkoxyoptionally substituted with one or more of the same or different R^(b)groups and —O—(CH₂)_(x)—R^(b), where x is an integer ranging from 1 to6; each R^(b) is, independently of the others, selected from ═O,—OR^(a), (C1-C3) haloalkyloxy, —OCF₃, ═S, —SR^(a), ═NR^(a), ═NOR^(a),—NR^(c)R^(c) halogen, —CF₃, —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO₂, ═N₂, —N₃,—S(O)R^(a), —S(O)₂R^(a), —S(O)₂OR^(a), —S(O)NR^(c)R^(c),—S(O)₂NR^(c)R^(c), —OS(O)R^(a), —OS(O)₂R^(a), —OS(O)₂OR^(a),—OS(O)₂NR^(c)R^(c), —C(O)R^(a), —C(O)OR^(a), —C(O)NR^(c)R^(c),—C(NH)NR^(c)R^(c), —C(NR^(a))NR^(c)R^(c), —C(NOH)R^(a),—C(NOH)NR^(c)R^(c), —OC(O)R^(a), —OC(O)OR^(a), —OC(O)NR^(c)R^(c),—OC(NH)NR^(c)R^(c) and —OC(NR^(a))NR^(c)R^(c); and and each chiralauxiliary group is selected from

where R⁹ is selected from hydrogen and lower alkyl.
 19. The compound,active salt or N-oxide of claim 18, wherein R⁷ is selected from—C(O)NH₂, —C(O)NH(lower alkyl), and —C(O)O(lower alkyl).
 20. Thecompound, active salt or N-oxide of claim 18, wherein R⁷ is selectedfrom —C(O)NH(chiral auxiliary) and —C(O)O(chiral auxiliary).